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Oliver Wendell Holmes The Path Of The Law

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THE PATH OF THE LAW- BY OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES, JR.
‘The Path of the Law’, originally put forth in the form of a speech, was presented by
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. in the year 1897. He is considered as one of the forerunners of American Legal Realism. In The Path of the Law, broadly speaking,
Holmes speaks about the Prediction Theory of law, the Bad Man Account of the law, and his criticism of Legal Formalism. In this paper, the reader will find arguments either for or against these theories.
Holmes starts The Path of the Law with the Prediction Theory. He states that law is not a mystery but a well-known profession. In any given legal setup, the lives of people are governed by the command of the law. The law lays down fixed rules and
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The Path of the Law, next talks about the Bad Man Account of the law. Holmes says that, “If you want to know the law and nothing else, you must look at it as a bad man, who cares only for the material consequences which such knowledge enables him to predict, not as a good one, who finds his reasons for conduct, whether inside the law or outside of it, in the vaguer sanctions of conscience”.3 He then goes on to say that to learn the law, one has to temporarily keep ‘morals’ aside. By doing so, one can now analyze the bad man. Once morals are kept aside, a bad man will go to the extent of doing anything (no matter how immoral), as long as there is no sanction placed against his acts. According to Holmes, “The prophecies of what the courts will do in fact”4, as a reaction to the acts of the bad man, are what he defines as law. Simply put,
1 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., “The Path of the Law” (1897), in Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory:
2 Id
3 Id
4 Id
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Langdell’s formalism is largely based on logic and codified laws. The judges simply apply the law of the land to the issue at hand. They are bound by the letter of the law. Holmes criticized this form of formalism by stating that, “The life of the law has not been logic: it has been experience”.6 In other words, the way law has been practiced and its growth over the years has been based not on how the judges deduce the laws from statutes and apply them, but how they apply laws is based on what they feel is correct. Such decisions may seem arbitrary, but they are actually based on logical reasoning in accordance with laws in force.
However, to critique Holmes’s stand, one may say that a law needs to be uniform so that there is no ambiguity as to what the stance of a law is with regard to a particular manner. An example from recent times in India, with regard to the problems faced by following a legal realism model would be the ‘Naz Foundation’ case. This case was with regard to consensual sex amongst members of the same gender. The Delhi High
Court ruled in favour of consensual sex amongst members of the same

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