Ols Regression Estimates That The Return Of Schooling

Women are obtaining more then half of the bachelor degrees earned in America but that has not limited the earning and abilities of the working class man. Phyllis Rosser’s, Too Many Women in College? (2005) is used to expose the still continuing gender issues in higher education. It exposes the issue that yes, there are more women then men in undergrad and master’s programs but men are still outnumbering women in doctoral programs as well as higher paying fields of study (engineering, computer science, business). Still regardless of education women will still face the income gap. Comparing Lee’s and Shaw’s conclusion to the study by Investing in Futures Public Higher Education in America, Women in Higher Education both sources have come to the conclusion that women make up over half of students enrolled in undergrad and their is an uneven representation of women in math and science based degree programs. Janet Lee’s and Susan M. Shaw’s, Women’s Voices Feminist Visions Classic and Contemporary Readings is an accredited and well developed source that highlights the development of women’s

As discussed in a recent essay by Saul Kaplan “The Plight of Young Males”, there is a serious academic gender achievement gap in the United States and as I will discuss, around the world. Young women are doing significantly better than young men, and the results are shocking. In the latest census, males make up 51 percent of the total U.S. population between the ages of 18-24. Yet only 40 percent of today’s college students are men. Since 1982, more American women than men have received bachelor’s degrees. In the last ten years, two million more women graduated from college than men. As Kaplan reveals, the average eleventh-grade boy writes at the level of the average eighth-grade girl. He also states that women dominate high school honor rolls and now make up more than 70 percent of class valedictorians. Kaplan says, “I am happy to see women succeeding. But can we really afford for our country’s young men to fall so far behind,” (733)?

Inequities between women and men academic achievement and participation in sports stay, which the nation has prepared and moved forward to this goal. Laws have saved

All women above 18 in U.S received the right to vote on August 18, 1920. Today there is almost complete equality for the rights given to men and women. In addition, women are a huge part of previously male dominated careers such as medicine, law, engineering and business whereas in the 1850’s they could only be a nurse, governess or teacher. All education facilities are open to women and for the past 35 years, women have been the majority of American colleges compared to men. According to the U.S Department of Education, 56% of college students are female. In the 19th century and early 20th century, women salaries were less than 50% of men’s salaries especially since employers assumed that working women were single and only had to support themselves whereas men supported the whole family. Today, salaries for women have risen considerably even though the average working woman still receives less than the average

But since 2000, progress has all but flatlined. A big underlying factor is the slowdown in women’s wage growth. That’s what helped propel the closure of the gap in earlier decades, but women have seen a standstill in wage growth since about 2001, as has most of the country.Women make less than men, on average, for a number of reasons. About 10 percent of it is thanks to different work experience, often because women are much more likely to take breaks from work to care for family members. The drop of women in the labor force over the last decade can be tied to the country’s lack of paid family leave, child care assistance, and support for flexible schedules.Some of it is also due to the fact that women end up working in areas that tend to pay less. But that doesn’t mean they can escape the gap by choosing different paths. They make less in virtually every industry and every job. And while getting more education boosts earnings, women make less than men with the same educational credentials at every level and even make less than their former male classmates when they graduate from top-tier universities. Some of that difference may be due to different majors or grades, but when salaries in the first year after graduation are compared while taking the college, major, grades, and other factors into account, women still experience a significant wage gap.Discrimination therefore plays a role. Economists consistently find a portion of the gap that can’t be explained by a variety of other factors. Studies have found that people of both genders are inclined to give men more money, especially if the woman is a mother. Meanwhile, women’s job performance is continuously underrated compared to men’s. Therefore in the workforce are discriminated

Research has shown that investing in the education and financial power of girls and women generates multiple social benefits. Better educated women have higher incomes and raise healthier children. They are more likely to be able to plan the size of their families, and they choose to have fewer children. Women are more likely than men are to use their earnings to support the health and education of their

After decades of fighting for women to have the same education as men and for the policy to be reformed. It has clearly payed off since girls and women are striving academically. The issue in this, is that not enough attention and assistance are given to boys and men. For example, Sommers mentions that in 1997 only 45% of college full time enrollment were men.

In the 21st Century the number of women enrolling in higher education institutions is surpassing the numbers of men enrolled. The graduation rates of women from high school and higher education are most often higher than for men. The number of women graduates from most professional occupations, including higher paying medicine, law and business, will exceed the number of men graduates in the near future. In numerous occupational areas with a majority of women graduates, salaries already surpass salaries in occupational areas with a majority of men graduates.

In 1980, Americans with a college education earned 30 percent more than a high school graduate, whereas in recent years, people with a college education earned roughly 70 percent more than a high school graduate. (582). They argue that the average income for a person with a higher education continues to increase. Additionally, the lower class will see a raise in their income and in turn, that will raise the overall standard of living. Meanwhile, “the premium for having a graduate degree increased from roughly 50 percent in 1980 to well over 100 percent today.” (583).

According to Johansson et al (2005) “differences in the educational requirements for jobs have contributed considerably to gender earnings inequality.” Kara (2006) demonstrated that women get remunerated less with no formal schooling, however, the wage gap decreases among genders with higher education. Gregorio and Lee (2002) also found that higher educational attainment led to more equal income between men and women. Kara (2006) found that women with high school and college degrees are more likely to work than women with lower levels of education. A study done by Löfström (1989) found that returns for women to education and to work experience are far lower than men. According to Johansson et al (2005), in a decomposition analysis he found that the measured differences in jobs and qualifications between women and men can account only for between two-fifths and three-fifths of the gender wage

Studies have shown that “Education attainment has a significant impact on earnings levels throughout a worker’s life. Differences in educational [acquirement] across these groups, among other factors, will cause the wage and pension gaps among these groups to persist.” (“Futurework - Trends and Challenges for Work in the 21st Century). Astonishingly as a matter of fact, a woman needs four more years of education than a man on any graduation level to obtain the same income as that man. For example, if a guy only procured his high school diploma, a gal would need an additional four years of education after her procured high school diploma to reap the same amount of money that that guy will gain for a job! Since women are starting to get more education, their occupation availability will grow, although they are expected to leave their job to assume the lead role in child rearing. According to Futurework reports, ”Young women enrolled in college at higher rates than young men … a trend likely to help close the gap between women’s and men’s average earnings.” (“Futurework - Trends and Challenges for Work in the 21st Century - U.S. DOL.” paragraph 16.) As rewards for education continue to be beneficial, the trend of enrollment in colleges and universities will rise and be maintained. And again, with the impending of college and university enrollment and graduation of broads,

Historically males have been the primary beneficiaries of education. It’s a man’s world, men are the creators of civilizations, laws and education in America. Men have created a system where they can be cater too in every way possible. Men usually have first pick of what they want to do with their life, they tend to have a choice whether to attend college. Woman before did not have much of a choice to attend college to seek a career, woman have usually gotten marry and raised kids. Conlin says “The gender gap also has roots in the expectation gap, in the 1970’s boys

Women have pushed forward in the struggle for equality. Today women are staples in the professional world. More women are attending college than men as proved in recent studies. Women have outnumbered men on college campuses since 1979, and on graduate school campuses since 1984. More American women than men have received bachelor's degrees every year since 1982. Even here on Haverford's campus, the Admissions Office received more applications from women for early decision candidacy than men for the eighth straight year. The wage gap is slowly decreasing and the fight for proper day care services along with insurance coverage for birth control pills are passionate issues for women across America.

“If one compares a woman in 1900 with her counterpart in 2000, the gains have been significant. There were the obvious changes, such as the right to vote and other governmental policies supporting women in the 1960s and 1970s. The results were women successfully engaging in certain jobs for the first time. Where women were once a minority, or excluded entirely, by 1980, they accounted for more than half of all undergraduate students”,

In the us women with some college education have more opportunities for higher paying jobs and this has affected society by making women more independent. Having an education does not mean a job is in the near future. Having an education is a way to establish self-esteem, better one’s self as well as gain knowledge. Women’s colleges and universities persist around the world, even as the vast majority of tertiary institutions are open to men and women. In nearly every nation, women can attend even the most elite formerly all-male universities, and in several nations women are many of all college students. Questions therefore arise about the continued need for a single-sex sector in the 21st century (Renn , 2012)