Olwen Hufton Religion

Another reason people think the Catholic Church was mad is the less religious holidays the less the clergy members make. To stop this from happening the church created the calendar of saints. This calendar was an important significant because it show the difference in power the catholic church had between the Renaissance and the French revolution had drastically decreased. It can be inferred that clergy members believed that the 7 day week was sent from god and that it was a sin to change that. The economic crisis that France was in played a huge role in the desire for a fresh start. France was in major debt after losing the 7 years war which didn’t help their economic system. This lead to inflation which cause bread to be so expensive that the peasants couldn’t barely afforr. So in that aspect the 10 day week was good because it allowed them to make more money. These are all significant reason of why the new calendar was adopted as well as reaction to the calendar that the documents don’t

Abbe Sieyes believed that the time wasn't right to make any changes to the Gregorian calendar. For it would only create, not only a division between the Catholic Church, but their country neighbors and might result in a wall between them that they won't be able to solve(Document 2). When the Gregorian calendar made its return in 1806 it was appreciated and hated(Document 7). For Napoleon, the French Republican calendar was a sad and weak decade in which festivals weren't even dedicated to the to the charity. In Doc 4, it shows how the peasants were unhappy about the new calendar for it increase their labor days to nine days. This was hard on them because they had to work for nine days straight and even the best of them couldn't handle it. Jacobins have damaged the church made the first Pope of deism and now the calendar was just an act of absolutism. For Pierre Joseph Denis, it was clear that the Jacobins have gone to far as to making a new calendar, such act was an exercise of absolute power(Doc 5). As for Document, it points out how the festivals were offensive and had nothing but images of crucifixes and such and no sign of liberty or

The Republic calendar was increasingly secular due to, or beginning with, the decrease in the amount of religious days (Document 7). In 1789, the report of grievances from the third estate commented on the decrease of religious holidays. In the opinion of the third estate, the quantity of the rest days halted the activity of the working class, a detriment to the state, which lead to a revenue decrease. 1806 marked the return of the Gregorian calendar under Napoleon. Document 7 was the product of Napoleonic officials attempting to showcase the ‘’generosity’’ of Napoleon as a leader by giving the citizens what they desired most, the old calendar.

As Gilbert Romme, the head of the calendar reform committee declared in his speech before the National Convention, the original calendar which was created by Roman Catholics (also known as “The Church Calendar”) did nothing but try to persecute people of great “virtue, talent, and philosophy.” (Doc. 1). Basically, since the old calendar followed old Catholic beliefs, beliefs like kings and queens being the ones with most power, rulers had control of nearly everything which allowed them persecute all the people that brought in new beliefs to the people. Kings and queens had the power to shut down anyone they wanted. Gilbert Romme is speaking for the calendar (obviously since he wants to separate from the French royalty). Romme is also a part of the Calendar Reform Committee, which is in favor of the calendar. There is also a village called St. Quirin that wrote a letter to the National Convention that talks about how they value the national regeneration. A key feature in this letter is that they have these celebrations “On each Tenth Day.” (Doc. 3). Thanks to the new ‘ten-day week’, the country of France is now able to recuperate from the very harmful rule of the kings and queens. This village is supporting the the calendar because it is doing their country well in restoring the damage that the monarchs created. This is quite similar to the Independence of The United States. To separate themselves from Britain, The United States created a document called the Declaration of Independence (in this situation, Britain being the oppressive ‘ruler/monarch’ and the U.S. being France). Just like France, the United States wanted to get out of this unfair domination, and to do that, both countries needed some certain documents to do that. The French Calendar was in charge of this, just as the Declaration of Independence was in charge of this for

A government newspaper, Gazette de France, actually praised the return of the old Georgian calendar. Saying that Sunday was a holy day that should not be taken away from the people. That would be against the pursuit of Liberty. (Doc 7) The were qualified as a government based newspaper and the people to realize that with a seven day week that had a Sunday that they would be able to devote more time to worshiping god and become more solemn and

The religious movement, a break of religion all over the where the main control of the catholic church broke. The ides of marriage were altered , “by which all that is the husband's is also the wife's” to show separation from the main part of religion (Luther document 4). Where people would not just give in to the christian way , “cannot submit [their] faith either to the Pope or to the Councils... frequently erred and contradicted eachother” because of these contradictions happening between the church's ranks (Luther document 8). The monks became vile , “breaking the vows of the church by having concubines and illegitimate children” their celibacy was now non existent (Bosch document 7). Also The added religions that formed at this time , “[They] ought not, by way of custom, to speak of predestination...they become negligent in the works” which all have changed their ways of how things happen which anger other. While people break the main religion religions produce like wildfire, however the were other thing affected at this period which made life in Europe drastically different, the social and political changes. The social and

The Second Great Awakening The Second Great Awakening impacted American history because it revived religion and it was the most important to the abolition of slavery. Before the Second Great Awakening was another period of religious revival, known as the First Great Awakening. This revival took place between 1730 and 1740. In this revival, priests and church leaders told the colonists that God had already decided who was going to be saved, or who was going to be sent to heaven.

Karen Armstrong, author of “Homo Religiosus,” claimed that without the physical rituals and traditions, religion morphed into a belief. Simply put, Armstrong argued that religion requires not only blind faith but also customs and practices that affect one’s physical and mental behaviors. It is through these rituals and taboos that the religions grows and forms, and yet also changes when deemed necessary. Additionally, Armstrong constantly compares religion to different art forms. She does this to convey the message that much like art, one must focus and study religion for lengthy periods of time to be properly understood. However, this connection also suggests that art and religion can perform an analogous role to humankind when required, as they both evolve and change when a society 's infrastructure does. Throughout her essay “Homo Religiosus,” Armstrong focuses on the similar role that both art and religion play in society to discuss her claim that religion is not just a belief, but rather has to do with changes in physical and mental behaviors that in return create change in society and the religion one needs.

“ The acquisition of wealth is a work of great labor; its possession, a source of continual fear; its loss, of excessive grief.” This quote can apply in our lives and even some books we read like The Pearl. In the book, The Pearl, the wealth of Kino and his family is the pearl they find. It’s possession caused them great fear and labor from the beginning of the book, and it caused them grief towards the end. This quote applies to all parts of the book, and we will examine into all of the chapters to take a closer look.

The history of religion continues to play an important role in defining why certain aspects of religion are the way they are today. Understanding religion’s history can also help one appreciate the importance, value, and determination that certain individuals went through in order for that particular religion to gain freedom and acceptance in society. Throughout history, Christianity has shown exactly this. By learning about its history, one can gain an understanding of how it emerged into being one of the most popular religions in the world. Furthermore, better understanding of the religion, both historically and contemporarily, can help dispel any negative preconceived notions about Christianity.

Altemeyer, Bob. "The Decline of Organized Religion in Western Civilization." International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, vol. 14, no. 2, Apr. 2004, pp. 77-89. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com

Searching back to its beginnings, religion has a profound impact on cultural identity through the presence of deep and ancient roots that connect a people to their glorious, memorable and often idealized histories. By equating a given religion with the success of a society often times national pride and religious pride become intertwined. Though this manifests itself differently in each country, throughout all four surveyed this attribute seemed to be present.

Religion has existed for countless centuries. Christianity is one of the major religions in this world, which had people be criticized, battle in wars, and killed for, but it still survived to this day. The purpose of this paper is to study the source of the religion, recognize the teachings, observe its spread throughout the world, and to identify how it stands among people today. Approaching this paper by a factual report I will explain these major points and why we need to know about this religion and other religions that existed before our generation.

“Religion is a ritualized system of beliefs and practices related to things defined as sacred by an organized community of believers.” (Basirico et.al. 379). Religion is an important element in the society because it influences the way individuals act and think. It has shaped the relationship and bonding among families as well as influenced the decision made in economics and politics. Religion in general has contributed to shape a society and a government structure which will influence the way the individuals under certain governmental structure behave. Sociologists are interested in religion mainly because religious belief is heavily rooted in individuals’ lives and it helps sociologists to interpret human’s actions, expression, and

A religion can be seen as a unified system of beliefs and practices which are relative to sacred things and beliefs (Giddens 1972, p.224). It can shape ones thoughts and feelings and gives people a sense of hope and something to believe in. All three main sociologist writers Karl Marx, Max Weber and Emile Durkheim offer different perspectives on religion and how important it is to society. Some of the theorists chose to have a positive view whilst others argue the unimportance of religion. This essay attempts to discover which theorist has the most accurate perspective of religion in modern times. This is done by firstly explaining the basic ideas regarding to religion put forward by Marx, Weber and Durkheim. Then both Marx's and