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“I would like to blame the trouble we got into on Comiskey’s cheapness”(The Black Sox: My Side of the Story). The significance of this quotation is how Charles Comiskey paid his players from a former

Many Cub players denounced the hatred towards Bartman as unfair. Several players went so far as to suggest inviting Bartman to a game, though he himself refused. People openly questioned the “spirit” of baseball that would happily torture an innocent Cubs’ fan for the sake of defeat or victory (Beck, 2003). Besides opinion columns and media, books chronicling sports history include Bartman as an example of the culture of fan imagination, which is significant enough to find its place in history (Cohen, 2014). And with their imagination, Cubs have entered a superstitious existence, of almost comedic futility that both fans and outsiders have constantly (and sometimes) mournfully

Griffey replied, “I am so sorry for your disappointment. And believe me when I tell you that I’m not going to shrug off your question and tell you to persevere. Instead I will tell you something else-- I’m going to tell you that you need to give up your dream of playing baseball. I only say this because i can see that baseball is no longer bringing you pleasure or satisfaction. Our time here on Earth is too short and deserves to be enjoyed to the fullest. I am now giving you permission to go find something else to do with your life that brings you joy. Go find something new that you love to do and that brings you peace and serenity. Spend time with family and friends, find new hobbies, go on vacation, forgive your enemies, but stop playing baseball because it seems to be slowly killing you from the inside out.”

     However, the Black Sox player’s joy wave quite short-lived. The day after the jury's verdicts had been handed down, the new Commissioner of Baseball, Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis,

Robinson didn't really understand why Rickey wanted to sign him and not Gibson, who is considered by many as the greatest power hitter of all time. Rickey managed to sell Robinson on the idea, after Jackie didn't act to interested. Robinson finally signed with the Brooklyn Dodgers, and then all hell broke lose. The instant it hit the paper, mail poured into Robinson, most of it death threats. "You gonna die n*****, you step foot on that field", "we can hang you to", and "you won't make it off the bus you sorry n*****." (Tygiel 212). Robinson's main concern was his teammates and how they

Another incident of discrimination that Robinson dealt with was his so called “fan mail.” While some of his mail was touching and encouraged him to keep pressing on for the sake of the game of baseball, a lot of his mail was sent as threats and insults. Robinson disposed of a lot of this kind of mail, but some of the letters would end up in the newspaper! A large number of the letters were also directed at Branch Rickey and would threaten him and his family (198). The letters appeared not to phase Robinson much like the other threats and insults that were yelled at him wherever he went. He kept his head high and he continued to play the game of baseball with lots of energy and motivation each time he came to the ballpark.

As a little background on Rickey, some say he was baseball’s first scientist. He had a reputation for intelligent design. He devised new and effective ways to instruct players and sharpen their skills; invented training devices, like base-sliding pits and batting tees that are commonplace today but were unheard of then; and pioneered the use of complex statistical measures to evaluate performance. He created what came to be known as the farm system, a network of minor-league teams under the control of the major-league team, where young players could be placed, taught, developed, and evaluated, eventually providing a “harvest” of fresh talent for the parent club (Glasser).

Baseball is one of the nations pastimes, and accepting a black man playing baseball made it easier to see integration in more important instances. Branch Rickey was an innovative MLB executive who had high hopes for Robinson. Rickey saw the qualities that Jackie Robinson possessed and his hope was that he could use Jack to help break the color barrier. Respect and equality was important in Robinson 's career and he knew that blacks needed to be accepted in the Major Leagues in order for the league to be just. Having this knowledge made him stick with baseball even when he thought about quitting. Jackie 's commitment was one of the most important values for successfully breaking the color barrier, and his attitude of determination and persistence helped him fight for justice. With the help of Rickey and many peers, Jackie agreed to sign with the Dodgers, where he remained committed so that more could follow in his path on and off the field.

Curtis Charles Flood was born on January 18th, 1938 in Houston, Texas. He was youngest of six children. When Flood was nine, he joined the Junior Sweet Shop team. His coach was George Powles. His coach taught a lot of talented baseball players who went to the major leagues. After graduating from high school he signed a contract to play for the Cincinnati Redlegs, for $4000.00. Racisms was a problem back then. While headed to training camp, Flood was rushed out of a side door at the hotel he was staying, and was made to stay at a boarding house, where blacks were housed (sabr.org). Curt Flood filed a suit in a federal court in New York, against Bowie Kuhn, a commissioner. The president of the American and National Leagues and all twenty-four Major League Baseball Teams. The Cardinals traded Flood to the Philadelphia Phillies in October 1969. Flood then wrote a letter to Kuhn later that year, saying the leagues players were reserve clause. A reserve clause was part of a player’s contract that said upon the contract, the right for the players was to be retained by the team. The player had to either negotiate a new contract to play another year, or ask to be released or traded for another team. Kuhn

He gave the edge on pitching to the Reds, but believed the White Sox offense and experience gave them a better chance at victory.

Jackson, Cicotte, and Williams all confessed to the grand jury about knowing about the fix, but Jackson and Williams would end up retracting their confessions.8 The charges to each players names were Conspiring to defraud the Public, conspiring to defraud the white sox pitcher Ray Schalk, conspiring to commit a confidence game, conspiring to injure the business of the American League, and conspiring to injure the business of Charles Cominskey.9 There were many rumors about whether or not Cominskey knew about the fix, or if he was even a part of it.10 And of course, Cominskey denied all the rumors, he was so confident that he offered $10,000 to anyone who could come up with information about the fix.11 The first witness of the prosecution was Cominskey.12 The only player to be believed as innocent is Joe Jackson, since he was the only one who attempted to tell Cominskey about the fix, he is also the only that asked to be benched so that he didn’t harm the team or the series.13 On July 29th, Edward Prindeville closed the case for the prosecution, asking the jury to return with a guilty verdict, with five years in a penitentiary, and a fine of $2,000 per defendant. The jury talked for less than three hours before finding every player not guilty.14 The trials and verdicts lasted until 1921, so most of the players were able to continue to play during the 1920 season.15

George Kenneth "Ken" Griffey, Jr. (born November 21, 1969), nicknamed "Junior" and "The Kid", is an American former professional baseball outfielder who played 22 years in Major League Baseball (MLB) for three teams (1989–2010). He spent most of his career with the Seattle Mariners and Cincinnati Reds, along with a short stint with the Chicago White Sox. A 13-time All-Star, Griffey was one of the most prolific home run hitters in baseball history; his 630 home runs rank as the sixth-most in MLB history. Griffey was also an exceptional defender and won 10 Gold Glove Awards in center field. He is tied for the record of most consecutive games with a home run (8 games, tied with Don Mattingly and Dale Long).[1]

Although Curt Flood lost his fight for free agency, it was not considered a total loss due to the development of the “10-and-5 rule.” The 10-and-5 rule, is any player with 10 years of major league service and 5 years with the same team could not be traded without his consent. The 10-and-5 rule would have prevented Flood’s trade and is often referred to as the “Curt Flood Rule.” (p. 314). Unfortunately, Flood did not get to see his dream come true because it wasn’t till after his passing did the Curt Flood Act of 1998 come to life allowing free

Question A1: In what way do you see and hear Sen.Kennedy acting ethically as a public speaker? In other words, how was his speech the kind of public dialogue our book defines as an "ethical and civil exchange of ideas and opinions among communities about topics that affect the public?"

Atlanta Braves’ Chris Johnson has announced that he his seeking a trade after seeing his playing time diminish over the course of the last two years. Chris Johnson spoke to the Atlanta Journal Constitution on Tuesday, saying, “I’d be lying if I said I understood it. It just seems like there was a point from the end of last year where, you know, the ship has kind of sailed, and it was just hard. So hopefully something gets done.” Chris is owed $20 million over the next three years of his contract. Chris also told the AJC, “When Freddie went down, I thought maybe there would be an opening and that I would play against lefties and Kelly would play against righties. Then when I saw that Kelly wasn’t playing against righties, and I still wasn’t