Online Sharing of Biomedical Resources Introduction The extensive and growing use of online biomedical resources and materials in learning and teaching presents us with more ways than ever to gain excess to new information. Technology has made the sharing and re-use of resources easier and we can exploit the benefits of this wherever we are. In this day and age, we have access to thousands, maybe even millions of biomedical resources that includes journals, papers, citations and many more. It is up to us to decide for ourselves if the information that we have gained accessed to be useful to us or not. History of Online Sharing In the 1970s, scientists started expanding into information technology bringing the inception of the field of …show more content…
From 1992 onwards, the NCBI has held the responsibility to increase the availability of the GenBank DNA sequence database. This happened to be a turning point in bioinformatics as this initiative encouraged the collaboration of scientists from different countries to contribute to the project. With the internet boom of the mid-1990s to the 2000s, the field of bioinformatics expanded dramatically with the ease of access to information and databases. This allowed for the searching and analysis of data readily accessible via sites such as the NCBI databanks. In 2003 and 2005, improved drafts of the Human Genome Project were published filling approximately 92% of the sequence. Types of Programs Used for Online Sharing There are two main ways we use to share and access resources. They are: • Online databases/ Online search engines Online databases are a pool of scientific resources that are accessible through a client-server model, where a centralised server provides to individuals that request its services and resources. It usually acts similarly to a search engine. PubMed, Medical Literature Analysis and retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), and National Center for Biotechnology information (NCBI) are among the most widely used free online databases in many fields of life science. The amount and variety of information available in
Locate a total of five research databases or collections related to your topic. Each research database description is worth 30 points. You may search for these in various locations, e.g., the Internet, an intranet at work, print publications, etc. You may NOT choose the databases that are already familiar to you – MEDLINE, PUBMED (which also indexes MEDLINE), GOOGLE SCHOLAR, and CINAHL. Instead, you are expected to expand your knowledge of evidence-based sources. Places to help you begin include your textbook, which lists databases and websites that report research. The Chamberlain online library (http://library.chamberlain.edu) gives you access to several databases and provide tutorials for searching. Government sites such as those at the National Institutes of Health offer collections of research on a variety of subjects. The key to choosing the databases is that each contains research-based evidence that also pertains to your topic of interest.
Over the last 10 years scientists have been involved in the progression and completion of the Human Genome Project. "Scientists working on this project have developed detailed maps that identify the
The HGP was a 13-year long project started in 1990 with the objective of determining the entire human euchromatic genome sequence. It was a public funded project and the goal was to complete the project within 15 years. Since its inception, the project had been met with scepticism from scientists and commoners alike. One significant doubt was whether the astounding expenditure of the project would outweigh the potential benefits from it. However, the incredible success of the HGP became apparent very soon after completion. Not only did it mark the beginning of a new era in medicine, it also made significant development in the various techniques that can be used for DNA sequencing. This publicly funded, $3 billion project began formally in 1990, under the co-ordinated effort of the United States Department of Energy (DOE) and National Institutes of Health (NIH). Although destined to be completed in 15 years, rapid technological development accelerated the completion date to 2003.
In February 2001, Venter et al., reported on the “penultimate milestone” – the feat of mapping 95% of the euchromatic portion of the human genome (Venter et al., 2001). Multiple discoveries were made in the process of mapping the human genome: the number of genes (fewer than imagined); the percent difference between individuals (less than 0.1%); and new techniques (Polymerase Chain Reaction) (Venter et al., 2001; National Human Genome Research Institute, 2012).
Analyzing on writing styles and web designs of these sites tell us the sites’ expected audiences, while the collected data of these two sites’ traffic show their real audiences. The result is the expectation on the big distinction between levels of education between NIH and WebMD’s audiences doesn’t exist. The variation is small. And the audiences’ different interests that cause this variance as they are approaching the information on these sites.
This method, as well as the Maxam and Gilbert method, for sequencing DNA are transforming the world of science, medicine and the views of people around the world.
Today we live in a very technologically advanced society. Scientists are continually discovering new things about the world and the way things work. "In the 1980ís, it was becoming increasingly apparent to many scientists that an understanding of basic biology would be greatly enhanced if the detailed structure of DNA was understood" (Mehlman, 1998). Thus began what has become know as The Human Genome Project which is "the mapping of all our
This presentation can be applied to biology as the majority of print regarding biology is moving to digital sources. For example, the large majority of research projects are maintained in online databases that allow for accessible storage, organization, and the ability to quickly scan to find the topic of interest. Thus a current application of this would be the transition of college lab reports and research documentation to digital sources. Another way this presentation could apply to the biology is the way in which biologists collaborate on research. Furthermore, technology has led to significant changes in the way biologists communicate, this is particularly meaningful for science given that the production of scientific knowledge is fundamentally a social process involving information sharing, collaboration and the mobilization of outputs. Additionally, applications such as cloud computing have the potential to change the system of collaboration further by making the process of sharing and multi-authoring documents much easier and by placing ideas within a “social” context to allow even more people to contribute. Thus the technological applications within biology are endless and it has the potential to completely change the way in which biology is studied, taught, and
Gururajan, R. (2012). Biomedical knowledge management: Infrastructures and processes for e-health systems. Hershey: Medical Information Science Reference.
The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) is a project designed to compare and contrast the repertoire of RNAs produced by the human cells and cross verify with other methods like NGS. After a five year start-up since the beginning of the ENCODE project just 1% of the human genome has been observed and what was achieved was just the confirmation of the results of previous studies.
As you are aware, our nonprofit goals include using genomic sequencing and analysis for the advancement of education, scientific research and improving social welfare. This requires us to utilize crowdsourcing to fund our efforts.
64% of the 113 million internet users in America have searched for medical information. (as cited in Rankin et al., 2005). Many health professionals concern that the internet resources can be potentially negative by spreading misinformation (as cited in Rankin et al.,
The work was also supported from Michael Stratton, the Welcome Trust Sanger Institute (WTSI) sequencing and informatics teams, and the WTSI Cancer Genome Project.
In graduate school, I would like to work with Dr Cynthia Gibas with focus on bioinformatics of genome analysis. I was thrilled about her contribution in this field, and her book “Developing Bioinformatics Computer Skills” which was written in a genuinely remarkable
CINAHL and PubMed were the databases utilized to retrieve publications that had relevant information pertaining to the Universal Protocol. The search included scholarly publications, research article, and reviews; the article search included materials back to 2000 as to include data from before implementation of the universal protocol.