Open-Book Philosophy Quiz Essay

Philosophy is a theory on how we think things work and how we understand or interpret our world. (Learnersdictionary.com 2015) Philosophy consists of thoughts and ideas that makes sense of and interprets life experiences. All types of disciplines whether academic, religious or scientific etc., make their assessments or assumptions from a particular way of viewing the world. This world view is our philosophy. Whatever we perceive with our senses is influenced or shaped by this “explicit or implicit philosophic background” (Loomer 2015). Life is experienced through a theoretical framework whether people are mindful of it or not (Peterson 2015).

A fallacy is defined as a kind of error in reasoning. They can be persuasive and be created both unintentionally and intentionally in order to deceive others from the truth. Fallacies often indicate a false belief or cause of a false belief (dowden, 2006). An argument or situation commits a fallacy when the reasons offered do not support the conclusion. This defeats the purpose of the argument since its point is to give reason to support the conclusion. Fallacies affect the outcome of our everyday decision making process. There are three types of logical fallacies discussed in this paper along with the importance of utilizing critical thinking skills.

To begin, it is important to understand and analyze what philosophy is and ultimately what a philosophical question is. Philosophy is a quest after knowledge. Philosophy is the action of thought and analysis, in fact, it is a pretty unique type of

An argument is an effective strategy used to persuade individuals or public that a general opinion or perception is either right or wrong. Although, as we try to create a reasonable argument, chances are we encounter logical fallacies. A fallacy is a faulty line in reasoning that hinder our ability to make an argument invalid, affecting our ability to argue effectively. Fallacies are more commonly used as a tool to influence opinion or actions of individuals or group of individuals to as to obtain a future goal while obscuring the truth of the matter. These are more commonly referred to as propagandas, which persuades the public to be “for” or “against” certain political ideas, religion, races and opinions as a whole. A propagandist wants invoke

The three logical fallacies I chose to discuss are ad hominem, bandwagon, and stacking the deck. I chose these three based off examples I could think of that have been placed boldly in my face.

The four main branches of philosophy are epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and logic. I will explore epistemology, the study of knowledge. The study of epistemology tries to define knowledge; identify the source of knowledge; the process of acquiring knowledge, and measures the limits of knowledge. Epistemology has intrigued philosophers since the Pre-Socratic era. In the 17th century, a fresh revolutionary outlook known as the Age of Enlightenment many new theories of epistemology began to emerge.

Logical fallacies are fairly common in modern-day America. Fallacious statements are societally prevalent in mainstream media; whether televised, in print, or found electronically, the reasoning behind such arguments is erroneous. One such logical fallacy is the appeal to spite.

From the e-Activity, discuss two different modes of argument and examples of formal and informal fallacies. Provide the source(s) of the modes of arguments and fallacies you identified.

I. Provide answers for five (5) of the following (6 points each, total of 30 points):

As humans, free will is something we commonly assume we have. When evaluating what free will is, we become less certain. David Hume calls it “the most contentious question of metaphysics.” In simplistic terms, free will is having the ability to determine your own plan of action. There is a relationship between free will and freedom of action and causal determinism that must be evaluated to have a complete understanding of free will. There are compatibilist views that believe in free will and incompatibilist views that imply there is no free will. Free will is also related to both theological determinism and logical determinism.

One of the types of fallacies is Ad Hominem, which translates as “against a human”. Ad hominem received its name because it’s an attacking argument, where the argument of the other person is rejected, based on the reputation or some irrelevant fact about that person. An example of this argument would be – “You are stupid, therefore your answer is wrong”.

Philosophy is the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline(Webster.) The value theory or value system is the system that is used in order to determine how one determines the importance of things, ideas and people. Philosophy can be a hard term or subject to fully grasp, while in actuality the word directly translated from Greek is love for wisdom. If it can be understood that philosophy is simply the love for knowledge and understanding, one could see that philosophy is essentially the study of learning how to learn, or best understand any given thing. The term philosophy

Select the one BEST answer to each question below. This is an open-book quiz. Students may consult their textbooks and their own class notes while taking this quiz. Students may not consult any other resources, including other students, either in person or by electronic means.

Fallacies can be either illegitimate arguments or irrelevant points, and are often identified because they lack evidence that supports their claims. However, based on the argument presented no fallacies were detected as the arguments had evidence to support its claim. The argument presented was introduced using a claim of value. According to Rottenberg and Winchell (2012) claims of value attempt to prove that some things are more or less desirable than others. They express approval or disapproval of standards of taste and morality. Advertisements and reviews of cultural events are one common source of value claims, but such claims emerge whenever people argue about what is good or bad, beautiful or

There are also many diverse kinds of fallacies. Some include, appeal to the popular, meaning to urge the listener to accept a position because a majority of people do it or believe in it. For example, the majority of people like soda. Therefore, soda is good. Or everyone else is doing it, so why can 't I? Another common fallacy is poisoning the well, this occurs when negative information is presented about a person before he/she speaks. In order to redirect the person 's point of view of that person. an example is, Frank is disagreeable, arrogant, and thinks he knows everything. So, let 's hear what Frank has to say about the subject. There are many more kinds of fallacies.