Open Skull Fracture

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a type of injury that is a critical public health and socio-economic problem. TBI is a leading cause of death and disability in both children and adults [5]. The Centers for Disease Control and

Skull fractures are another type of traumatic brain injuries. Closed skull fractures can lead to brain hematomas and damage to the cranial nerves. Open skull fractures can occur from a direct blow or a penetrating injury. Open skull fractures related to direct blows often have increased injures related to the skull fragments being depressed into the brain or the vascular structures of the brain.

A closed head injury is where the brain is injured and blood vessels may be ruptured as a result of blow to the head by the force against the skull. In this type the skull is not fractured.

Blunt force trauma is when a victim is hit with a weapon. This weapon can be a bat, pipe,

As we all know, the human brain is the most insubstantial and vital organ in the human body as it is the command center for every other body part (newscientist.com). Any slight wound to this organ could lead to severe consequences usually encountered at that very moment. It may be an extremely low chance of a major head injury, but it does happen to millions of people annually. One single concussion, provided with the lack of healing, could lead to short-term and long-term memory loss, depression,

There are two kinds of head injuries: open and closed. Open-head injuries are the result of some object, like a missile or an apparatus, penetrating the skull. Closed-head injuries are the result of an impact to the head. According to Ponsford, Sloan, and Snow (2012) about 70% of all injuries to the head are closed-head injuries. Traumatic brain injuries have a severity scale range of mild to severe (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). With mild being a brief change and severe being an extended period of time.

Does a concussion affect any other body part besides the brain? My topic concussion and what it does to the body. A concussion is a injury to the brain the reason I pick this topic is because I had a concussion last season of football, and I want to know if a concussion affects more than just the brain, and what happens over time. I also picked this topic because I want to know more about concussion because I only know the common meaning of it. Does a concussion affect other body parts besides the brain?

The purpose of the study is to bring awareness about the seriousness of concussion injuries. Examining the severity of high school athletes who suffered sport related concussions is critical to determine the short term/long term damaging effects. When athletes’ concussions go undiagnosed, the risk of further damages increases since they are not fully recovered. This means that athletes will return to participation unknowingly since the injury goes undetected. In addition, when parents, coaches, doctors, and athletes are aware about the dangers of concussions, they can have a conversation and discuss the best options to ensure the safety of athletes. This means that injured athletes will not be allowed to participate under any

Statistics state that it’s a 47 percentage of high school football players receiving a serious head injury. The article High School Struggle to Tackle Safety on the Football Field by Kendrick Calkins caught my attention. The article started out as an assignment but ended up being something I was very interested in learning more about. Three questions popped in my head the moment t I read this particular article; what happens to the boys who end up having a head injury? Why does it happen? And how does the family feel?

Closed Head Injuries are injuries to the head and does not break or penetrate the skull. They are caused by a variety of reasons such as falls, accidents, some sports…etc.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), or intracranial injury, is a medical diagnosis which refers to closed or penetrative damage to the brain that is caused by an external source. Every year, TBIs affect approximately 150-250 people in a population of 100,000 (León-Carrión, Domínguez-Morales, Martín, & Murillo-Cabezas, 2005). The leading causes of TBI are traffic accidents, work injuries, sports injuries, and extreme violence (León-Carrión et al., 2005). TBI is most often fatal when the cause is an injury due to the use of firearms, a traffic accident, or a long fall (León-Carrión et al., 2005). However, fatality rates and rates of occurrence differ in various countries due to

Maxillofacial injuries account for approximately 5 to 33% in poly trauma patients, which may occur in combination with other injuries or as an isolated Injury1. Maxillofacial trauma is one of the most challenging problem worldwide. Maxillofacial region is vulnerable to injuries quite commonly, due to its more prominent position in human body. Maxillofacial injuries cause varying degrees of physical ,functional and cosmetic disfigurement, so remains to be a topic of discussion for researchers.

Traumatic Brain Injury is otherwise known as TBI. “Traumatic brain injury, a form of acquired brain injury, occurs when sudden trauma causes damage to the brain. TBI can result when the head suddenly and violently hits an object, or when an object pierces the skull and enters brain tissue” (NINDS, 2010). There are two main types of TBI, closed head injuries such as head hitting a windshield and penetrating head injuries such as a gunshot wound. As reported by the Global Neuroscience Initiative Foundation,” The severity of traumatic brain injuries is often assessed using the Glasgow Coma Scale, with scores ranging from 3 to 15. The higher the score,

Nowadays, the number of Cranio-cerebral penetrating injuries (CPI) is exponentially increasing. In addition, a massive incidence of CPI is observed in the developing countries affected by civil armed conflicts. Furthermore, even though the incidence of penetrating brain injuries is far less prevalent than closed head trauma, however CPI shows a worst prognosis. In fact, the survival rate of penetrating head injuries is reported to range from 7 to 15%. In addition, most of the victims (90%) die at the site of injury or in the ambulance and about 50% of those who reach the hospital dies in the emergency room (Alvis-Miranda et al., 2015). Such statistics are revealing the harsh reality of CPI. This report analyse the modern ballistic, the current protocols used in treating CPI and the complications that might arise.

Elliott, Hankins, Harris, Perkins, Rosenbaum, & Toole used eleven patients who were over 60 years old who had recently fallen and broken their ankles (Elliott et al, 2015). The fractures being studied are open fractures. All of the test subjects were chosen in a ten year span from 2004 to 2014. All but two of the patients had diabetes prior to the fracture and eight out of the eleven also had other chronic illnesses (Elliott et al., 2015). There were three male and eight female patients (Elliott et al., 2015). All of the patients were treated by the same surgeons in the same facility (Elliott et al., 2015).