Operation Blue Rag, By San Diego

Meyer, Castro-Schilo, and Aguilar-Gaxiola (2014) found that lower socioeconomic status resulted in higher fears about safety due to the necessity of living in neighborhoods with higher crime rates. Fear about the safety led to lower levels of activity and subsequently

Fear of crime, especially random violence and new wave of "superpredators" by young Americans, is among the nation's greatest concerns (Lacayo 28). It has served as the motivation for countless numbers of people to change their lifestyles, take self-defense classes, install home security

There are several ways that fear of crime has a relationship with violence. In many communities have experience higher fear of crime levels? Franklin (2009) in his current research he tested the vulnerability of female and male to indicated if fear of crime was increase by age. In his finding this facts are significant since there is a higher level among age for males while females tend to reduce fear. Age also plays a big role when fear of crime is concern in the communities.

There is a plethora of crime related movies, TV shows, video games, etc. Violent portrayals of crime are everywhere. As most Americans do not have any personal experience with the criminal justice system, public knowledge of how it operates comes mostly from the media. Dowler (2003) did a study on the relationship between consumption of such media and fear of being victimized by crime. He found that there is, in fact, a relationship and people who consume more of this media are more afraid of crime. “Regular viewers of crime shows are more likely to fear or worry about crime. Similarly, regular crime drama viewers are more likely to hold negative attitudes toward police effectiveness.” (Dowler,

The initial experimental group was made up of 47 residential burglars who participated in the study in St. Louis, Missouri. The majority of the subjects were considered to be career burglars for the most part. All subjects thought of themselves as active burglars at the time of the study. The control group of subjects was made up of 34 individuals and was taken from community centers with mainly poor and unemployed individuals. First there was a line of questioning during interview to assess whether they have participated or were familiar with property crime and burglary. The characteristics included in the study included race, gender, and age. The two groups did not differ in age and race and sex were evenly shown in summarization.

Gang groups such as the Blood, the Crips, Aryan Brotherhood, the Texas Syndicate and the Mexican Mafia were amongst the intended sample but the leaders of the Mexican Mafia and the Aryan Brotherhood told members to decline from participating in the study (Fox et al., 2012). After the remaining individuals who were part of gangs and individuals not a part of a gang were interviewed the results indicate that crime victimization occurred more in gang-affiliated inmates rather than non-gang affiliated inmates (Fox et al., 2012). The results also indicate that gang members were younger, were more likely to have a juvenile arrest history, more likely to have witnessed violence within the home and had a lesser percentage of education and employment history (Fox et al., 2012). Gang members had an increase in the chances they experienced victimization while they were under the influence (Fox et al., 2012). Lastly, gang members were more likely than non-gang members to experience victimization in terms of drive-by shootings, simple assaults and aggravated assaults (Fox et al.,

In his article, Crime as Social Control, Christian Parenti discusses crime’s impact on society. Crime acts as a deterrent and an incentive, in both cases adding to the concept of social control. As a deterrent, crime produces anticrime movements in neighborhoods throughout the states. However, fear of crime and the repercussions of combating crime block further mobilization. The result is an incentive towards increased criminal activity due to the incapability of society to get involved or focus on the actual issue. As social control, crime dwells into the fear of people, beckons society to stay away from the issues, and leaves minorities in the hands of government intervention. This leads to the fragmentation of neighborhood ties resulting in mistrust and broken family ties, especially when dealing

Crime and criminalization are dependent on social inequality Social inequality there are four major forms of inequality, class gender race and age, all of which influence crime. In looking at social classes and relationship to crime, studies have shown that citizens of the lower class are more likely to commit crimes of property and violence than upper-class citizens: who generally commit political and economic crimes. In 2007 the National Crime Victimization Survey showed that families with an income of $15000 or less had a greater chance of being victimized; recalling that lower classes commit a majority of those crimes. We can conclude that crime generally happens within classes.

The examination of Feelings about Crime Study (FACS) conducted through a 4-page survey by Julia Clark (2004) showed that fear-of-crime should not be looked at as a crime phobia. The article looks at 4 different anxiety disorders including crime phobia. FACS was used to study the results of fear-of-crime, social phobia, blood-injury phobia and agoraphobia. We are mindful that these stereotypes contradict according to the subject. However, the overall conclusion states that, "fear-of-crime as currently measured has a consistently negative, significant but small relationship with the particular anxiety disorders." (Clark, 2004)

As (Newburn, 2013) distinguished, fear of crime is fundamental, but often deceptive concept to the

One stage of the data collection is to determine the level of fear of crime and terrorism among the subjects of our previously discussed samples of households. Lee (2013) maintains that fear of crime is among the most prevalent concepts in criminological research. Explicitly, fear of crime is conceptualized as an emotional response to a perceived threat that is criminal in nature (Vauclair & Bratanova, 2017). As I established in the literature review,

Fear is an emotion and like many other emotions, it can overwhelm and control you. The reason that the fear of crime is rampant is because “the rate of violent crime is still relatively high despite recent decreases: 17 out of every 1,000 residents age 12 or older and living in an urban area were victimized by violent crime in 2009 (Greene & Heilbrun, 2014). Many Americans continue to be consumed by fear of crime. I also think that media, the internet, and video games play a huge factor in fear of crime. You turn on the TV and you constantly see a crime. Reality TV has become popular as of late and most of these shows breed violence. “The media, particularly cable networks, provide extensive coverage of heinous crimes, contributing to a heightened

In a paper presented more than eight years ago, Furstenberg made an observation that has proven to be the understatement of the decade for researchers studying the fear of crime: "the relationship between crime and its consequences is neither obvious nor simple."' His observation is no less accurate today than it was eight years ago, despite the fact that our knowledge about the causes and consequences of the fear of crime has increased steadily during the period. Every advance that is made-whether by refining concepts, by specifying and testing relationships, by obtaining more comprehensive data, or by some other meansseems to generate more questions than it answers. But that should be expected; part of the nature of complex social phenomena

Further, fear of crime has been shown to be highest in the more vulnerable members of our society, such as the elderly, who, incidentally, may well also be at least risk of actual crime.

Fear of Crime in members of our society today has been widely researched. For the purpose of this essay, fear of crime is used in the context of an individual’s perceived risk of becoming a victim of crime. In this essay it is argued that the elderly and the youngest members of our society are the most fearful of crime and that, of these age groups the elderly have the lowest risk of becoming victims of crime. Firstly, research shows that fear of crime is wide spread and that certain age groups are more fearful of becoming victims than others. Secondly, that the Media’s portrayal of crimes contributes to society’s perceptions of safety and crime itself, increasing fear of crime in these age groups. Thirdly, that the Elderly