Operation Desert Storm Research Paper

Throughout the history of Air Defense Artillery (ADA), innovative steps were made for the technological advance in weaponry to defend our skies and ground forces. The diverse history and continuous research and development of air defense systems played a vital role in the safety of ground troops and foreign civilians during the Persian Gulf crisis. Though not always in the forefront of battle, ADA had its own vital roles that it played from the time of its birth, and it was no different during Operations Desert Storm and Desert Shield when necessity helped to bring about the evolution of the PAC-II Patriot missile.

The first SHORAD Air Defense unit to deploy to this conflict was 5th Battalion, 62nd Air Defense Artillery. 5/62 ADA was a Vulcan Stinger unit that originally deployed on 12 August 1990 to protect Patriot units due to their vulnerability from low flying, air breathing threats. 5/62 ADA was later split up and each battery given assignments to protect other types of units. Examples of these assignments are; Alpha Battery joined the 75th Field Artillery Brigade and Bravo Battery joined 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment. (Henry)

The incorporation of Patriot was a result of the confrontation with the Soviet Union. The Patriot system was instantaneously recognized in Desert Storm. Operation Desert Storm began on January 16, 1991. The conflict, better known as the Gulf War, was in response to Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait. Desert Storm was a crucial battle where Air Defense had the opportunity to showcase its abilities.

Operations Desert Shield/Storm took place during the Gulf War, which was a conflict between Iraq and a coalition force of more than 30 nations mandated by the United Nations, led by the United States commanded by General Norman Schwarzkopf, who conducted one of the greatest military campaigns of all times that resulted with the coalition victory. The name Operation Desert Shield was for the operation leading to the built up of troops and defense of Saudi Arabia and Operation Desert Storm for the combat phase to liberate Kuwait. This war included more than 500.000 United States troops, dominated by technological superiority that definitely favored the coalition forces. The use of missiles, guided bombs and invisible plane made easy to destroy Iraqi ground targets, being so the first war in history to use the air power to defeat ground forces. The commander of this operation General Schwarzkopf was a consolidated leader with great experience in war and diplomacy, who had extend knowledge of the Middle East since the childhood. General Schwarzkopf ability to use the principles of mission command led the coalition into the desired end state, which was the defense of Saudi Arabia and liberation of Kuwait. General Norman Schwarzkopf successfully utilized mission command principles within Operation Desert Storm/Shield by creating a shared understanding, building cohesive teams through mutual trust, provide a clear commander’s intent, and accept a prudent risk, which played a

The Battle of Bunker Hill took place on June 17 1775, about a year before the 13 colonies declared independence from Britain. This battle took place in Charlestown on the north side of the Boston Harbor. The two main generals were Artemas Ward, for America and William Howe, for Britain. Other commanders from America included: Israel Putnam and William Prescott. Other commanders from Britain included: Sir Robert Pigot, Henry Clinton, John Stark, Thomas Gage, and Samuel Graves. Now, at the time Britain had more troops than the colonies so it makes sense that they had more commanders. Britain had 2,400 British troops of the Boston Garrison while the colonies had 1,500 troops from the American Continental Army.

The Battle of Bunker Hill was one of the first battles fought during the American Revolution between a misfit army of American colonists and the Royal British Army. The Revolutionary War was a result of patriot colonists speaking out against the taxes and regulations being imposed upon them by King George III and resulted in the establishment of America as an independent nation. The objectives of the Battle of Bunker Hill were first and foremost to stand up to the British army, and secondly, to keep the British from gaining complete control over the city of Boston and the surrounding area.

located on the top of Breed’s Hill, fought between the British forces and the American forces. This battle is known as the Battle Of Bunker Hill.

On March 11, 1862, Lincoln made the decision to remove McClellan as General-in-Chief, demoting him to command only the Army of the Potomac. Chief of Staff, Peyton March, sent a telegram to McClellan in refence to his orders and instructed him to speak first to Governor Dennison. Suspicious of this message McClellan refused the invitation to Washington or to speak to Dennison. Later, the General wrote to his wife that the rascals of Washington were after him again and that if he could come out of this, he would never get himself in this position again. Because of this refusal, he learned of his demotion via the National Intelligencer, a Washington newspaper. Although many leaders in the government continued to resent the commander, he was still

Success of Operation Overlord Although Operation Overlord sounds like a medieval scheme to take over a king, it was actually a well-planned set of phases to defeat the mighty Germans and take control of the German occupied beachheads. Up until Operation Overlord, Germany held the title of being the greatest and strongest nation. Germany had seized France, and the Allies needed a plan to take it back. After weighing all options, US Army general Dwight D. Eisenhower and British general Bernard Montgomery created the beginnings of a master plan, and thus, Operation Overlord was born.

The views of this slowly began to change throughout different American conflicts. For instance, during the gulf war, Operation Desert Storm became the most widely and most swiftly reported war in history due to the “CNN effect”, which refers to the widely available round-the-clock broadcasts of the Cable News Network. (Belknap) General Powell instructed National Defense University students, “Once you’ve got all the forces moving and everything’s being taken care of by the commanders, and turn your attention to television, because you can win the battle but lose the war if you don’t handle the story right” (Belknap). Both the media and the military began to share a dedication to American freedoms, and neither wanted a news story to be the cause of a single American soldier’s death. This marked a turning point in military-media relations and a turning point for Americans’ view of that relationship. Despite this progress, another lawsuit challenged press restrictions during the Persian Gulf War in 1991. In the case titled Nation Magazine v. Dept. of Defense, several news organizations confronted a

Exterior Lines of Operation (LOO) best characterizes General Schwarzkopf’s Operational Approach for Desert Storm. The Coalition operations converge on the enemy and XVIII Airborne Corps along with VII Corps used the envelopment firstly to cut lines of communication of the enemy and to destroy it in the Kuwait Theatre of Operation. In addition, the Coalition showed itself as a modern army with high-speed armor capabilities and total control of the air. It kept distance from the enemy since units remained outside of enemy artillery and multiple rocket systems range until the Ground Offensive Campaign began.

Operation Fortitude is also known as “D-Day Mission”, was part of a major role in winning the war in 1944. This operation was one out “35 subordinate plans and operations”, and from that Fortitude North and South were created. The strategic ruse was to fool the Germans who started to tighten the noose around most of Europe into thinking the allies were armed and ready. The Nazis were taking control of most of Europe and this is when the Allies came together with an idea to win the war. How did they jump the gun on Germany to make their yearlong plan work? Through deception, the Allies would create a web of deception, giving incorrect information, and used double agents. The best-laid plan is when only a few know about it, yet it would take

The crews were training at Fort Bliss’s Air Defense Artillery School although were unable to complete the course until early 1991. Lawrens S. Eagleburgen, the deputy Secretary of State, went into Israel before Desert Strom offering two American Patriot PAC-2 batteries. While having no defense, Israel was faced with rounds of scud attacks on Tel Aviv and Haifa. The Secretary of Defense, Chency tried to have the American Patriot Batteries airlifted out of Israel. After these attacks, Israel used foreign military forces to strengthen their defense. Israeli Defense minister Moshe Arens accepted the offer and made the call for the 32nd Army Air Defense Command in Europe to prepare Patriot units for airlift to

Battles in the Desert, written by Jose Emilio Pacheco, tells a story about how a young man named Carlos encounter social and political changes. Carlos narrates his own experiences during his childhood when social and political problems are happening. The time period is during the regime of the government of Miguel Aleman. Carlos’ experiences demonstrate the changes of his own personal life, and the impact of the American culture on Mexico. I believe Carlos is reflecting his personal childhood lived at México, and also the unwilling changes of his personality. How Carlos enjoys a moment that is never happening again, and how Carlos feels about his society.

The 2nd Battle of Fallujah was fought during OIF 2 (Operation Iraqi Freedom). Operation Iraqi Freedom 2 began at about March-April 2004 and lasted until February-March 2005. The 2nd Battle of Fallujah began 7 November 2004 and ended 23 December 2004. The objective of the operation was to capture or kill those responsible for murders and, corrupt activities, and end the rise of the insurgency in the city. The intent of the operation was to restore control of the city to the Coalition and the Iraqi Governing Council. Some of the events that led to the 2nd Battle of Fallujah were the U.S. forces being unsuccessful during Operation Vigilant Resolve (the 1st Battle of Fallujah) to capture the city and the Fallujah Brigade failing to maintain control of the city.