Operation Fortitude Battle Analysis

The Battle of the Bulge (16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945) was the last major German offensive campaign on the Western Front during World War II. It was launched, in the dense forest of Ardennes Wallonia in eastern part of Belgium, northeast France, and Luxembourg. This battle was one of the largest fought by the United States Army, on the Western Front in Europe, during World War II. This fierce battle, was between the German Nazi’s, the American Army, Canadian Army, and the British Army, was one of Hitler’s last attempt to split the Allies driving them towards Germany and destroy their ability to supply themselves. Were the Germans able to stop the Americans and the British from getting their supplies? Was the weather a factor and if so, who did it assist in the battle? Was the American Army able to counter attack in a timely manner and stop the German Nazi’s invasion?

On June 6th 1944, the U.S. and allied forces executed an amphibious assault named Operation Neptune, commonly known as D-Day, along the north-western coastline region of France. The operation covered in this paper will discuss a key battle during the Invasion of Normandy. The Invasion of Normandy was a successful operation focused towards German-occupied Western Europe during World War II. This paper will also cover a brief history and key points of The Battle of Omaha Beach. Critical reasoning and battle analysis will be expressed through what intelligence assets were applied, utilized and available during the time era. The analysis outcome will lead to an expressed alternative ending on The Battle of Omaha Beach. A detailed explanation of how intelligence assets could have been used to change the course of the battle will defend the explained alternative ending discussed. The main points of discussion will include Adolf Hitler’s decision to move most of his tank divisions and infantry units 150 miles north to Calais, the significance of the highly effective group known as the French Resistance and a famous illusionist Jasper Maskelyne.

Britain and France desperately awaited the moment when the US would fully join in the fighting in Europe during World War II, and D-Day brought that full fledged involvement. If not for the efforts of the United States of America, its cooperation and planning with its allies, the invasion would not have been successful. It was successful, however, due to previous planning, the level of supplies and men from the US combined with the European allies, as well as the divided German forces. D-Day was the beginning of liberation of Western Europe from Nazi control. Hitler had known that in order for the Allies to be successful, there would have to be an invasion of mainland Europe - which his forces controlled most of - and that it would come from northwestern Europe, with Great Britain being the jumping off point. But if he was expecting the attack, why was he not better prepared? The planning that had gone into the invasion at the beaches of Normandy on the coast of France had been thorough and extensive, with a large part of that planning being the intentional disinformation about the location of the invasion, thus fooling the Nazi leader. These factors explain why Operation Overlord was successful, and thus became the turning point in the world war.

In the mountainous Shah-i-Khot region south of the city of Gardez in Eastern Afghanistan, Operation Anaconda took place early March 2002. Operation Anaconda, to this day, stands as the largest reported ground action in the Afghan war. This 17-day battle led to eight U.S. casualties and over 50 wounded. Operation Anaconda is viewed as a success due to coalition forces being able to kill and root out several hundred Taliban and al Qaeda fighters, which left U.S. and coalition forces in control of the Shah-i-Khot Valley. Originally intended to be a three-day battle with light resistance, a seven-day battle ensued with intense fighting and was finally

wagon Commander never expected that large group of Texans and Native American will able to attack during the dark of the night. The planed details for a month that legendary Waite was preparation paid off. The report for the two war was saying that one of the CPT was not able to saver due to his horst were not in condition, that pinot it show that somehow the leadership cooperation on that time was not in good shape. The report say that General Gano plane was each troop will lead his troop but wone of the troop that was Addie to the plane was not expected. Using unconventional warfare in the Pea Ridge battle is was not good philosophy that give the troop that follow under Brigadier General Stand Watie which let to give the force the scope to look at the upcoming battle Conventional warfare meaning wage war by using

The 1986 revision of the US Army, FM 100-5 “AirLand Battle” doctrine introduced the Clausewitzian concept of culmination point as a “key concept of operational doctrine.” Moreover, the new manual adopted the traditional German notion of Auftragstaktik, a decentralized command system with the commander devising a mission and then leaving the methods and means of achieving it to his subordinate

Commander Longstreet arrived with over 20,000 men to further strengthen the Confederates. The new troops were sent to flank the Union’s left along the two hills (Drake, 1892). Interestingly, the Union Army had failed to send troops up these hills. Most of General Meade’s troops were in the field, forming a fish hook shape with its center lying along Cemetery Ridge, while the defensive positions were stationed on the Cemetery and Culp hills. The left side was flanked by General Daniel Sickles, an influential politician from New York. However, Gen. Sickles was not satisfied with his assigned position and took it upon himself to move the Third Corp over half a mile west to a high ground at a wheat field. This move proved to be a serious blunder

The Lexington and Concord Germany Battle is an armed conflict between the British Army and militia in North America , occurring on April 19, 1775.

After a month of pure hell for the Allied Forces, victory would finally prevail. The total casualty rate of The Battle of The Bulge for the Allied Forces was 90,000 troops. The Germans suffered 100,000 casualties. The main cause of such high numbers is due to the initial force of numbers. The Allied troops started with only 80,000 compared to the Germans 200,000(Battle of The Bulge, http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-the-bulge).

The Battle of the Bulge gave the Allies a significant numerical advantage. During the offensive, the Germans lost many of their experienced soldiers. In addition to this, Germany suffered heavy casualties that it could not replace. As stated by Dean, “Germany lost anywhere from 67,200 to 100,000 casualties” (Dean). Due to these casualties, Germany was at a significant disadvantage. These losses also weakened the heavily-fortified Siegfried line because Germany had lost much of its troops from the Ardennes Counteroffensive. A different viewpoint of the Battle of the Bulge is that the Allies also suffered heavy casualties. While some historians think this, the Allies replaced their losses while Germany couldn’t. Germany had a shortage of people after the Battle of the Bulge.

The development of the allied military strategy in World War II (WWII) presented challenges for the U.S. and Great Britain as they worked together to defeat the Axis powers. First, this paper will review the environment at the time of WWII when Admiral Stark penned the “Plan Dog” memorandum and MAJ Wedemeyer’s War Defense Team put together the “Victory Plan”. Next, it will look at the advantages and disadvantages of coalition operations with supporting examples. Then, a review of two major meetings between U.S. and Great Britain will identify what strategic decisions were made and the effects they have on the war. Finally, this paper will explore the foundations of strategy (Clausewitz and Sun Tzu) by which the allied forces used and

The factors that made the Allied victory happen include the Germans beginning to effectively organize industrial production at the very least six months too late to give them a chance at victory. By the time they got the production to be swiftly working on weapons such as fighter planes, the Allies were in firm enough control of the air space. This meant that the Allied bombing prevented the German economy from reaching it’s full potential. Another flaw in the German production meant that tanks such as Tigers and Panthers, of which dominated tactical situations on the battlefield, had logistical and maintenance nightmares. If the Germans were to overcome their problems in production then it would have stood them in much greater stead, giving them an advantage over the Allies.

It is our duty, as soon to be Second Lieutenants in the Army, to learn from history. Learning from mistakes in the past is necessary to understand the responsibilities we will soon have. The Battle of Gettysburg shows prime examples of the nine principles of war: Objective, Offensive, Mass, Economy of Force, Maneuver, Unity of Command, Security, Surprise and Simplicity. In the military today, we are overwhelmingly blessed with every asset that we have including technology and monetary resources the list could go on forever but the most invaluable asset is history. Although all nine principles of war are pertinent to success on the battlefield, only five will be discussed in this analysis.

D-Day Deception by Mary Kathryn Barbier and Operation Double Cross by Ben Macintyre are both books about Operation Fortitude, the colossal allied deception operation aimed at preventing Germany from finding out where the D-Day landings would take place. This paper will summarize both books and then discuss the differences between them and why they exist.

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