Commander in Chief has power to command the armed forces. The president has the ability to decide where to station his forces and is the top man in the military and everyone reports to him for orders. As Commander-in-Chief, Nixon kept troops in an unnecessary war which made it hard to maintain the militaries budget. There is a probability that Nixon would have been at war with Vietnam indefinitely, had it not been for the Case-Church Amendment prohibiting further U.S. military activity in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. However he disobeyed this amendment sent one of his Secretaries of State, Henry Kissinger, to bomb Cambodia and Laos for a campaign called Operation Menu. This objective was to bomb the People’s Army of Vietnam and the National
Richard Nixon was one hell of a president. He was voted in as the 37th president of the Uited states of amercia. President Nixon also served in the U.S Navy reserve during world war II. Nixon was elected to the house of representatives in 1946, and then voted in as senate in 1950. President nixon is also and mainly known as the only president to ever step down before he was impeached.
On another note, another event from Nixon’s presidency was his part in ending the United States’ involvement in the Vietnam War. There was a lot of secrecy going on during Nixon’s time in office and
In early January 2002, American intelligence received evidence of a large volume of enemy forces assembling in the Shahi Kot Valley in Eastern Afghanistan. Central Command (CENTCOM), led by General Tommy R. Franks, was directing combat operations in Afghanistan through the Coalition Forces Land Component Command (CFLCC) and Coalition Forces Air Component Command (CFACC). As the interest in assaulting the Shahi Kot Valley amplified, General Franks reached a conclusion that a U.S. tactical commander was a need in Afghanistan. The decision was to assign the 10th Mountain Division Commander, Major General (MG) Franklin Hagenbeck, as the tactical commander. In an effort to strengthen MG Hagenbeck’s command authority, CENTCOM named his headquarters Combined Joint Task Force (CJTF) Mountain and gave it command and control authority over Operation Anaconda. By having command and control authority, MG Hagenbeck would encounter challenges with the command structure. The challenges of command structure were due to CJTF Mountain not having tactical control (TACON) of multiple Special Operation Forces, the Joint Special Operations Air Component (JSOAC), and friendly Afghanistan forces. These misunderstandings were resolved during the execution phase, but rectifying the command relationships prior would have avoided lost time and resources needed on enemy forces and positions. In this paper, I will identify the challenges of command structure during Operation Anaconda.
The Vietnam war was a costly matter for America that infected U.S. politics and destroyed the economy. When President Nixon took office, he tried to improve the United States relation with Russia through detente in 1969. This couldn’t solve the problem in Vietnam. This lead to the US leaving the fight in Vietnam in 1973 with the help of a peace agreement. President Nixon also continued his negations with Soviet Russia and visited China.
President Nixon heightened the war, but, it didn 't change the movement of force. It was simply expanding the measure of passings, and not finishing anything. There were many funny stories going around about costly plane work that were disgracing, where we 'd send billions dollar flying machine into North Vietnam,That didn 't go over exceptionally well.
Taking the oath of office in January of 1969, Nixon was thrown head-first into a war that was escalating quickly and, at the same time, infuriated many Americans who believed that it wasn't the nation's job to be world police. Now holding the reigns of the country, he was stuck in a Vietnam predicament -- his first decisions would be of utmost importance for the safety of our soldiers and for the well-being of the nation. Nixon had very few plausible options however. While a vocal sector of the public was clamoring for immediate withdrawal of troops, he understood that its disadvantages were too great -- not only would withdrawal compromise American credibility as a world power, he felt that it would also undermine his ability to negotiate with foreign powers during the remainder of his term (Bondi 237). Nuclear weapons were also not an alternative. We were still involved in the Cold War with the USSR -- if we opted to nuclear weapons, not only would we most likely end up instigating a World War III, we could not risk setting the precedent by using nuclear warfare to dictate world order (Bondi 237). Nixon's last choice, attempting to persevere for a conventional military victory in Vietnam, was a large risk to our
On November 1969 President Nixon gave a speech to his fellow Americans, trying to discuss their concerns being involved in the war in Vietnam. President Nixon said he wanted to answer question that he knew were on the minds of the listeners. He wanted to explain how America became involved in Vietnam, why they remain involved in Vietnam, what was preventing peace, and what he had planned in Vietnam. Fifteen years ago President Eisenhower responded to a request of the Government of South Vietnam and sent economic aid and military equipment after North Vietnam, Communist China, and the Soviet Union organized a campaign to enforce a Communist government on South Vietnam. Eight years after that President Kennedy sent out 16,000 military personnel
U.S. president, Richard Nixon’s activities angered the people in the Congress, which led to a limited power of a president. During his presidency, Nixon ordered an annihilation to the base camp in Cambodia. Although, Cambodia was a neutral nation, he declared a bomb in order to eliminate the base camps that were assisting others. Before he publicly announced his choice to bomb Cambodia, he’d been secretly invading them without the public nor the Congress knowledge. When news broke out in 1970, there were massive protests across the U.S.
During the 1960's and 1970's, Cambodia was involved in a civil war and the Vietnam War simultaneously. On March 18, 1969, Operation Menu was executed by President Richard Nixon. This was a secret bombing campaign in eastern Cambodia whose objective was to bomb suspected communist bases. “American B-52s began carpet-bombing eastern Cambodia which the first course in a four-year bombing campaign that drew Cambodia headlong into the Vietnam War,” (Caught in the Crossfire). American bombers killed Viet Cong troops and civilians alike, inciting outrage from the Cambodian public. This resulted in the creation of the Khmer Rouge which subsequently caused a civil war. The Cambodian Civil War cultivated an environment which allowed the Khmer Rouge to
Nixon also faced many challenges in 1969 after taking office the Johnson Administration had plans in place and planned to give up on the war and pulling out. “But as he entered office, he found that by the end of the Johnson administration, the goal of victory had been abandoned and a commitment had been made to end the bombing of North Vietnam.” This set his strategy back because it was the opposite of his promise to end the war with peace and honor. Adding into this was the fact that the leader of North Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh, would not accept any terms of the agreements proposed unless the US surrendered and withdrew. “Soon after my election, through an individual who is directly in contact…. I made two private offers for a rapid, comprehensive settlement. Hanoi’s replies called in effect for our surrender before negotiations.” This
The Vietnam War loomed predominantly over three U.S. presidencies. When John F. Kennedy came to the presidency, he immediately inherited Dwight Eisenhower’s commitment to assist Saigon in its struggle
Operations Desert Shield/Storm took place during the Gulf War, which was a conflict between Iraq and a coalition force of more than 30 nations mandated by the United Nations, led by the United States commanded by General Norman Schwarzkopf, who conducted one of the greatest military campaigns of all times that resulted with the coalition victory. The name Operation Desert Shield was for the operation leading to the built up of troops and defense of Saudi Arabia and Operation Desert Storm for the combat phase to liberate Kuwait. This war included more than 500.000 United States troops, dominated by technological superiority that definitely favored the coalition forces. The use of missiles, guided bombs and invisible plane made easy to destroy Iraqi ground targets, being so the first war in history to use the air power to defeat ground forces. The commander of this operation General Schwarzkopf was a consolidated leader with great experience in war and diplomacy, who had extend knowledge of the Middle East since the childhood. General Schwarzkopf ability to use the principles of mission command led the coalition into the desired end state, which was the defense of Saudi Arabia and liberation of Kuwait. General Norman Schwarzkopf successfully utilized mission command principles within Operation Desert Storm/Shield by creating a shared understanding, building cohesive teams through mutual trust, provide a clear commander’s intent, and accept a prudent risk, which played a
The United States issued the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution in 1964. It said that Congress empowered the President, as Command in Chief, "to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the U.S. and to prevent further aggression." Most importantly, the memorandum gave the President the permission to retaliate North Vietnam's threats to international peace, as the attacks were reason enough for further American involvement in Vietnam, as well as an escalation of military forces.
In Nixon’s effort to end the war, his first policy was to send a message to Hanoi that he meant business. His policy consisted of escalated strategic bombings near the border of Cambodia in hopes to get the North Vietnamese to fear that the United States was capable of doing anything to achieve victory. Even Johnson was skeptical of expanding the war into Cambodia but Nixon’s first policy in full effect. Unfortunately, America was blinded by the corruptness of Nixon’s “peaceful presidency” since
The point is well taken, but Holland gives it excessive weight. Like their brethren in Detroit and Pittsburgh, domestic tool-makersin the 1970s were too complacent when imports seized the lowerend of the product line. The conservatism that had for years servedthem in their cyclical industry left them ill-prepared for change. Evennow some of the largest U.S. tool-makers are struggling to restructure. Blame the government, yes. But blame the industry, too.