Operation Nimrod : A Hostage Rescue Mission Operated By The British Special Forces

The Iranian Revolution of 1978-79 is the revolt that led to the creation of the Islamic Republic. This revolution refers to the overthrowing of the Pahlavi dynasty who was supported by the United States. The revolution was sought after by civilians after the wasting of money and economic concerns. The major export of oil began to rise in attempt to modernize Iran. This “modernization” shifted the social classes causing havoc on the economy and cost of living. The revolution was deemed a success and a new era would soon reign.

Iran was now unprotected, and a new power came into being. The Arabs invaded and the quality of life changed. “People fell into poverty as the greedy court imposed ever-increasing taxes. Tyranny tore apart the social contract between ruler and ruled that Zoroastrian doctrine holds to be the basis of organized life” (21). The Iranian people couldn’t survive with a ruler who had no sympathy or respect for them. Their life was being over run by foreigners.

From the 1800’s to present day, the Middle East has undergone many changes and continuities causing formation of their national identity, main factors that contributed were social aspects on society, government structure, and the strong religious roots they possess. The majority of changes occurred through the society aspects with the treatment of women and the discovery of oil. In Middle Eastern history women have had limited rights and have always been unequal to men. Women have always remained very conservative; being sheltered from other men not being able to go in public being covered from head to toe. The discovery of oil has also created many opportunities for the Middle East giving them a national identity and increasing economy.

Because Arab states, including Iraq, had in the past laid claim to Khuzestan as part of the "Arab homeland," the government was bound to regard an indigenous movement among the Arabic-speaking population with suspicion. The government also suspected that scattered instances of sabotage in the oil fields were occurring with Iraqi connivance. In May 1979, government forces responded to these disturbances by firing on Arab demonstrators in Khorramshahr.

Iran is one of the largest countries in the Mideast. It is also part of the Southern Central Asian union. Iran borders Iraq to the West, Turkmenistan to the Northeast and Pakistan to the Southeast. The country’s inhabitants primarily belong to the Islamic religion (Keddie, 1971). This religion occupies most of the countries in the region. The country has some of the economic activities that have sustained it for a long time. It also has a government that facilitates every activity (Keddie, 1971). As part of the government, a defense body ensures the country’s protection. Iran’s political state, military, and economical status are nothing to bat an eye about and are worth proficiently elucidating.

In the late 19th century, Iran (then named Persia) was in the midst of the Persian Constitutional Revolution. Taking place from 1905-1907, the revolution was the result of citizen unrest with the Persian government, especially the lack of limits of power of the Shah, and the spending choices of the current Shah, Mozaffar ad-Din. In 1906, the Shah signed a constitution largely based on the Belgian Constitution (Abrahamian, Loc 849). In the 1910s, Persia had a neutral stance during World War I, but there was still fighting and chaos in the area (Abrahamian, Loc 1035). In 1921, a man named Reza Khan lead a British-orchestrated coup to occupy Tehran, as part of an effort to gain control of all military forces in Persia. Khan soon became war minister, the highest ranking military official (Abrahamian, Loc 1094), and would become prime minister in 1923 (Abrahamian, Loc 153). Reza Khan was a self-educated military commander who had risen through the ranks of the Iranian military. Khan would be was granted the title of Shah in 1925 and would found the Pahlavi dynasty (Abrahamian, Loc 1126). He achieved a great deal during his reign, including expanding areas of trade, but eventually became disliked by many

Tehran is amongst the largest cities in the Middle East, and is the largest in Iran, a theocratic sovereign state officially known as the Islamic Republic of Iran. A regional centre for thousands of years, it became the capital city of Iran in 1788 and has grown to have a metropolitan population of 15.2 million in 2015 (Statistical Center of Iran, 2015). The city’s population in 1900 was only 200,000, rapid growth mainly due to the large rural population’s need for education, healthcare and employment. During the 20th century the city was victim to multiple violent periods, in which time many people fled the densely packed conditions of the city. At the end of such war periods, people flocked in their millions back to city to create a new

Robin Wrights piece gives a detailed history of Iran and its relations both with global players and with the United States and the many forces that have influenced Iranian actions internationally. Wright speaks to the great impact and importance that Iran hold as a global player. The author notes that the 1979 revolution was one of three of the greatest

Assadistan is a north east Africa country that has been under the rule of a monarchy with the Wadi minority tribe since 1949 when it became independent. Since then there have been no elections. Assadistan has enormous amount of natural resources and is particularly rich in oil. The Wadi tribe has used their power

The rise of the Safavids in the 15th century led to the reestablishment of a unified Iranian state and national identity,[4] which followed the country's conversion to Shia Islam, marking a turning point in Iranian and Muslim history.[5][23] By the 18th century, under Nader Shah, Iran briefly possessed what was arguably the most powerful empire at the time.[24] The 19th-century conflicts with the Russian Empire led to significant territorial losses.[25][26] Popular unrest culminated in the Constitutional Revolution of 1906, which established a constitutional monarchy and the country's first legislature. Following a coup instigated by the United Kingdom and the United States in 1953, Iran gradually became closely aligned with the West, and grew increasingly autocratic.[27] Growing dissent against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution, which followed the establishment of an Islamic republic,[28] a political system which includes elements of a parliamentary democracy vetted and supervised by a theocracy governed by an autocratic "Supreme Leader".[29] During the 1980s, the country was engaged in a war with Iraq, which lasted for almost nine years and resulted in a high number of casualties and financial loss for both sides.

Kurdistan is a region located between Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey. The Kurds are the biggest ethnicity on the planet without a state to this day. This paper will focus on the Iraqi part of Kurdistan, for it has come the closest to a state-like notion as per Weber’s definition. Iraqi Kurdistan is a region characterized by many diplomatic issues due to lack of acceptance as a state. The region was established through an autonomy agreement with Iraqi government in 1970 after decades of disputes between the Iraqi government and the Kurds in the north. The region had already established a government, but it lacked many characteristics that are applicable to a state. The constant conflict with the Iraqi government has been ongoing since the

Iran is a country with a rich history that stretches back to the formation of the Persian Empire in 550 BC. It is important to discuss the history of Iran when viewing its current state of politics because over this vast period of time there was a distinct set of rule that had just ended less than forty years ago. From 550 BC to 1979, Iran (formerly known as Persia, changed names in 1935) had been ruled by emperors, kings and shahs (Persian for ‘king of kings’), until the Iranian Revolution of 1979 when the last shah, Mohammad-Reza Pahlavi, was overthrown. An important event that occurred under the leadership of shahs, occurred in 1501 under the leadership of the Safavid dynasty, when Iran adopted Shia Islam as their official religion. This event was important in many ways as it shaped the current political landscape of Iran and has been an increasingly debated topic in comparative politics.

Iran’s economy mainly depended on its natural resources, specifically crude oil and natural gas but over the last years businesses have spread their exploration into other opportunities. One reason for this new approach is nationalization of Iran’s oil and natural gas companies. According to 2013 survey service

Over the twentieth century there has always been a struggle of power within the middle east, and particularly between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Amongst the nations in the Arabian Peninsula, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has always been at the most power and influential country. Saudi Arabia and Iran were always polar opposites of each other. When Saudi Arabia first produced its oil, it saw its economy benefit and heighten much more than Iran could do with its oil reserves. Oil was one of the major element with Saudi Arabia and its neighboring countries that attracted Western powers to its side and supported its foreign policies in direct opposition to Iran.

Oil is one of main energies, in an oil rich country, it can lead to the precondition of country’s economic and social developments. First of all oil producing is an important finical source of a national treasury. There is one of huge oil producing country---Kazakhstan. It has a large land and long distance between Europe and Asia. It at 18th place of oil