Oppositional Defiant Disorder

My rationale for writing this paper is to know what oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is and its effect on age, gender, and concurring behaviors (comorbidity) like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder (CD). How these conditions are affected in getting the proper diagnosis and treatment for ODD. Loeber, Burke, and Pardini reported in clinical groups among children, ODD is listed as one of the most commonly known behavioral disorders (as cited in Kazdin, 1995). Stringaris and Goodman (2009) found ODD is apparently very important among adolescents because of its strong connection with a large assortment of fully developed mental health disorders such as (as cited by Kim-Cohen et all., 2003,

When using this approach to define abnormality you would first have to consider what is normal behaviour for that particular culture otherwise a person could be incorrectly diagnosed as abnormal. Cultural differences are also a problem for the 'Failure to Function Adequately' definition of abnormality. This classification of abnormality involves a person who conforms to their 7 characteristics of the abnormal as having ill mental health. Examples of these characteristics are vividness, unconventionality and observer discomfort.

She rarely or hardly starts disputes with other children, throws temper tantrums, or seeks revenge when feeling picked on. She also performed within the normal range in the Impulsive-Hyperactive subscale. She rarely or hardly calls out unexpectedly, interrupts, or finds it hard to play quietly. She scored within the normal to borderline range in the Antisocial Conduct subscale. She rarely or hardly ever steals, acts dangerously before considering consequences, or destroys the possessions of

Oppositional Defiant Disorder, also know as ODD, is a consistent pattern of negative behavior demonstrated by a child or teenager who often argues, displays aggressive behavior, steals and/or destroys property. Parents and children with this extreme behavior disorder often are blamed and face undue, unhelpful judgement. The ODD Lifeline parenting program takes the blame away and restores parent dignity while providing real solutions to end the oppositional defiant child.

There is an array of negative behaviors associated with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). These include poor temperament, argumentative and vindictive attitudes. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition or

The first thing I learned while gaining knowledge on ODD is that it is an adolescent disorder only once a child reaches eighteen years of age they are no longer considered to have ODD, but another disorder such as bipolar disorder. Knowing this will influence my practice of social work because I may be working with a client who meets all of the criteria for ODD, but if they are over eighteen I can narrow down their disorder to another disorder relating to ODD. Second, I never knew ODD was a disorder I always thought there was just conduct disorder (CD). This is good information to have because there are significant differences in the criteria for both disorders. While doing research on ODD and CBT I came across six tools to use to help treat

According to Ross Greene (2002), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is defined as “recurrent pattern of developmentally inappropirate levels of negativistic, defiant, disobedient, and hostile behavior toward authority figures” (p. 1214). Children who are diagnosed with this disorder rebel against most authority and the rules that are set in place. The child will be: quick to throw tantrums, actively and verbally fight with people older than them, disregard any orders or guidelines to be followed, knowingly bother others and their personality may showcase a lot of hate or bitterness. A lot of the times, the child may only misbehave in their homes and show aggression towards their family, while other times, the disorder may develop into a

A majority of the time symptoms will become apparent between the ages of eight and twelve, but symptoms can be evident in early childhood. We tend to see that ODD is more common prepubescent boys than prepubescent girls. However, once boys and girls reach puberty the gender ratio of ODD is almost nonexistent. Without treatment for children and adolescents with ODD, many individuals can develop Antisocial Personality Disorder in adulthood. This diagnosis particularly pertains to boys, while girls with ODD tend to have a higher risk for developing depression than other girls without ODD. ODD symptoms are normally external behaviors, therefore, treatment for ODD involves rewiring behaviors in these individuals. When a child

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is one of the most common clinical disorders in children and adolescents (Nock, Kazdin, Hirpi & Kessler, 2007). Greene et al. (2002) defines ODD as “a recurrent pattern of developmentally inappropriate levels of negativistic, defiant, disobedient, and hostile behavior toward authority figures”. ODD primarily consists of stubborn (e.g., tantrums) and aggressive behaviors that the child attempts to rationalize based on the circumstances rather than view as consequential and problematic (Kazdin, 2010). Therefore, ODD can have serious implications for the child’s functioning at home, in school, and in the community, so parents of children with ODD are more likely to utilize child mental health services (Kazdin, 2010). The history, symptoms, diagnosis, prevalence, age of onset, duration, risk factors, comorbidity, and treatments of ODD will be discussed, as well as the rationale behind the revisions from the fourth (DSM-IV) to fifth editions (DSM-5) of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), opposition defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD) are three distinct disorders based upon their respective diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5. If ODD and CD were mild forms of ASPD, then there would need to be causal relationship between the childhood manifestations of ODD and CD and the adult manifestation of ASPD. There is evidence of comorbidity between ODD and CD, and also evidence to suggest that children diagnosed with these disorders may go on to develop ASPD later in life; however, correlation does not equal causation. The three disorders have subtle but important differences in their associated behaviors, underlying causes, treatment outcomes, and neurological signs.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is an example of a disruptive disorder. Although there are no clear cut causes of ODD, there are factors that play a role in the development of the disorder. They include biological factors, psychological factors, and social factors (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2009). Biological factors include having a parent with a history of ADHD, ODD, or Conduct Disorder (CD), a parent with a mood disorder such as depression or bipolar disorder, parent has a problem with drinking or substance abuse, there is a brain-chemical imbalance, exposure to toxins, and poor nutrition (2009). Psychological factors include having a poor relationship with one or more parent, a parent who is neglectful or absent, and having difficulty or inability to form social relationships or process social cues (2009).

Bobby displays defiant behaviors in the context of being told what to do or when he does not get his way. He loses his temper, argues with adults and peers, refuses to comply with requests or rules, blames others for his mistakes, is very annoyed by other people, throws temper tantrums, and is often angry, spiteful, and resentful of others. These behaviors have resulted in significant distress for Bobby in the areas of his social and educational achievement. They have also led to significant strain in the relationships with his teachers, peers, and his mother. He does not display the blatant disregard for the rights of others or intentional behaviors designed to violate the rights of others it would be as would be seen in a Conduct Disorder.

They are sensitive to when they believe they are being treated fairly or not, yet they treat others

When children display defiant behavior and argue with adults it can be a nightmare for parents. How can parents tell if the defiant behavior is a part of normal development or something more? The something more is Oppositional defiant disorder commonly known as ODD. Oppositional defiant disorder has “enduring patterns of negativistic, disobedient, and hostile behavior toward authority figures, as well as an inability to take responsibility for mistakes, leading to placing blame on others” (Sadock, M.D. & Saddock, M.D., 2007).

There are four definitions of abnormality: statistical infrequency, deviation from social norms, failure to function adequately, and deviation from ideal mental health. Using the definitions separately can cause wrong diagnosis, so using elements from each four would reduce limitations from them.