Optical Communication : A Form Of Telecommunication System

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Optical communication is a form of telecommunication system in which light is used as the mode of transmission. An optical communication system consists of transmitter, receiver and channel. The transmitter basically works as an encoder, it encodes the message as an optical signal, the channel helps the signal to propagate and the receiver will work to decode the optical signal and get the message. [1]
If we roll back early we will find that people used different types of body languages and sign languages which can be termed as non-technological optical communication. Whereas technological optical communication has examples like flags, smoke signal, line, beacon fire. The Heliograph technology is used to send signal codes with the help of mirror and sunlight. If the mirror is moved, the reflected sunlight also changes its direction. Thus the receiver becomes aware of the signal. This technology is used in Morse codes used by the Navy ships.[2] Mariners prefer flares if there is an emergency where the use of lighthouses and navigation lights is also common in case of navigational hazards. To ensure safety aircrafts use landing lights when they land. To communicate with the planes which have critical problems like radio failure, the airport control tower uses Aldis lamp. In modern days free space optical communication has a vast range of applications and uses.
1.2 Types of Optical Communication

There are two types of optical communication. They are,
Optical fiber

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