Optical Fiber Sensors Essay

The medium comes in the form of a salvific complex of fiber optic cable and ROM,

All kinds of ionizing radiation that used in health care centers in medical diagnosis and therapy processes, as well the radiation used in diagnostic radiology is the field of medicine that uses radiation to make an imaging exams and procedures to diagnose a patient. In another hand it’s used to treatment for many kind of disease especially to cure from cancer. In any form of medical care, diagnostic radiology plays a significant role in the diagnosis and treatment of disease or injury. The exams often use radiation, at many levels that have been determined and adjusted to be safe as possible, to create detailed anatomical images. (Bekas M, et al, 2016)

This note is very important, because radiation is a very dangerous thing and you have to make sure you know the steps and for what you’re doing. Never take a risk.

An optical fiber (or optical fiber) is a flexible, transparent fiber made by drawing glass (silica) or plastic to a breadth somewhat thicker than that of a human hair. Optical fibers are utilized regularly as a way to transmit light between the two closures of the fiber and find wide utilization in fiber-optic communication, where they allow transmission over longer separations and at higher bandwidths (information rates) than wire links. Fibers are utilized rather than metal wires in light of the fact that signals go along them with lesser measures of loss; moreover, fibers are likewise resistant to electromagnetic impedance, an issue which metal wires experience the ill effects of excessively. Fibers are additionally utilized for

are all naturally occurs, as they are also able to decay on their own. As others are man made that are used for radioactivity in the healthcare system such as: Na-24 (monitoring blood circulation), F- 18 (brain imaging/bone scans), I- 131 (imaging of the activity of thyroids and liver) and etc. The form of radiation transferred through energy taking the form of tiny particles invisible to the eye or light. Radiation linked to nuclear medicine utilizing nuclear energy is considered to be ionizing radiation. This implies that the radiation has enough energy to interrelate with matter including with the human body in producing ions. There are several different kinds of ionizing radiation, which include: alpha particles (a helium nucleus produced by radioactive components, initially known as a ray), beta particles (a quick moving electron produced by radioactive decay initially known as a ray), and gamma rays (the penetration of electromagnetic radiation derived from the radioactive decay of an atomic nuclei) (NDE-ED,

According to the health physics society, radiation is an energy that comes from a source and travels through space which may be able to penetrate various materials. In the past few weeks of our chemistry class I have learned that atoms whom have an unstable nuclei are radioactive, these atoms give off excess energy which are radiation rays. Radiation varies from gamma, beta, and alpha rays. Gamma rays have the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies. Gamma rays are the most energetic form of light produced by the hottest regions of the universe and emitted by the nucleus of radioactive atoms. Because of this, gamma rays are used to penetrate tissue property, such as in the use of CT scans, and radiation therapy. Alpha particles are also ejected by the nuclei of unstable atoms; however, they are large and consist of two protons and two neutrons. Although alpha particles have a high mass, they are the most destructive form of radiation with a low penetrating force; a single piece of paper can block alpha particles. Beta particles are much

Anything less may result in regret should a low-yield nuclear attack occur. With rules established to control of nuclear materials, like enriched uranium, it would appear on the surface all is safe. However, smuggling and theft of enriched uranium exist. According to Sokova, Potter, and Chuen (2007), trafficking of enriched uranium in Georgia has occurred multiple times. It is probable more smuggling and theft has occurred unknowingly. Sensors exist and work when knowing where the uranium is located but shielding the material is another possibility. According to (Richardt, Hülseweh, Sabath, and Niemeyer, 2013, Chapter 9), all radiation types can be shielded. Alpha is shielded by paper, Beta is shield by plastic, Gamma-Xrays are shielded by lead, and Neutron is shielded by concrete (Fig. 9.2). In (The ABC News Nuclear Smuggling Experiment, 2003), 15 pounds of depleted uranium metal were smuggled into the Unites States (para. 1). Although it was only depleted uranium, natural or weapon grade uranium can be

The severity is so detrimental that radiation exposure is highly regulated by The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) which is the federal agency responsible for protecting the health and safety of

The radioactive isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons and electrons, but a different number of neutrons and atomic weight, and are described as have an unstable nucleus. The radioactive isotope produces gamma rays when it undergoes beta plus decay, also know as positron emission, occurring after the radioactive isotope undergoes change inside the nucleus. This change starts when an atom's proton is converted into a neutron inside the nucleus resulting in the loss of a positive charge, and a small amount of mass being lost. This mass is referred to as a positron. Then the positron after release collides with an electron and annihilation of the particles occur, producing two gamma rays. These gamma rays are the radioactive emissions that are then detected by the imaging machine. Isotopes with a short half life are selected for positron emission topography, and generally take around 18- 20 min to decay inside the body. Some of the common isotopes that are used in the radioactive drug tracers are chromium-51, technetium-99m, thallium-201, xenon-133, barium-313, strontium-87 (Denniston

This article addresses ways to improve the radiation doses in occupationally exposed interventional personnel through the implementation of new radiation protection devices. More specifically this article examines the effectiveness of a non-lead disposable drapes in a radiation exposed area of a hospital through experimentation and data collection. According to the results, the drapes “substantially reduce the radiation dose to personnel with minimal or no additional radiation exposure to the patient”. The study was conducted in 3 phases, called “Phase 1”, “Phase 2”, and “Phase 3”. Phase 1 consisted of a normal routine fluoroscopy with the standard catheterization lab equipment. Such equipment consisted of lead aprons and a C-Arm Angiographic x-ray with tight collimation capabilities and an image intensifier. This phase consisted of a fluoroscopic run with and without collimation. Phase 2 consisted a control group and an experimental group of patients. Patients in the control did not wear the radiation protecting drape. The results showed a “reduced factor of 12 for the eyes, 25.8 for the thyroid, and 29.4 for the hands”

Sterilising- Gamma rays which are high energy electromagnetic waves that can only be stopped by thick lead, this means they can pass through medical equipment because they aren’t made of lead, such as syringes. When gamma rays pass through packaging they inactivate viruses and kill bacteria. If the equipment stays in a sealed plastic bag it will remain sterile.

plant. Emphasized by the World Nuclear Association, a singular dosage rate of a micro Sievert is

The development of nuclear technology was one of the most significant achievements of the twentieth century. Nuclear medicine technique in hospitals use radioactive materials to treat patients. Medical radioisotopes have been used in nuclear medicine for many years for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Atoms of an element that have the same mass number but different neutron numbers are known as isotopes. For diagnostic techniques, the radioactive isotope is injected or inhaled by the patient and attached to a bioactive molecule that allows the radiologist to provide information about the disease or the function of certain organs without surgery by using radiation detectors located outside of the patient body. Applications include heart

The research and application of the world surrounding atoms is known as Nuclear Science. In 1896, French physicist, Antoine Henri Becquerel, along with Polish physicist and chemist, Marie Curie, and her husband, Pierre Curie, conducted an experiment involving the phosphorus in uranium, which led them to the discovery of radiation. Since then, nuclear science has resulted in the advancement of technology, energy sources, industrial production, agriculture, archaeology, research and most prominently, the medical field. Through the utilisation of radioactive materials, known as radionuclide or radioisotope, the medical practitioners have been able to accurately diagnose, treat and monitor the progress of one’s health.

Ionizing radiation is a type of radiation that is able to disrupt atoms and molecules on which they pass through, giving rise to ions and free radicals. It is made up of energetic subatomic particles, ions or atoms moving at high speeds, and electromagnetic waves on the high-energy end of the electromagnetic spectrum. There are five primary types of Ionizing Radiation, Alpha Particles, Beta Particles, Gamma Rays, X-Rays and Neutrons. Alpha Particles are charged particles, which are two neutrons and two protons. They have a very limited ability to penetrate other materials, because they travel short distances and they have large mass. The only hazard that the caused is when they are inhaled. Beta Particles are electrons or positrons, which are