Optical Network Essay

amid this configuration we tend to look for guidance from them as data, control, and application planes. At base, the data plane is included system segments, whose SDN Data ways uncover their abilities through the Control-Data-Plane Interface (CDPI) Agent. On top, SDN Applications exist inside of the application plane, and impart their needs by means of northward Interface (NBI) Drivers. inside of the centre, the SDN Controller interprets these needs and applies low-level administration over the SDN Data ways, while giving pertinent data up to the SDN

* Opengear supports the OpenFlow/SDN Interoperability Lab. This Software Defined Networking (SDN) technology from the Open

The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of switching and routing used in a network environment and familiarize the reader with various hardware and software associated with there functions. This paper will look at some switching concepts that will include store and forward switching, cut through switching, fragment free switching, and V-Lan. This paper will also cover routing concepts, along with some comparisons including routed vs. routing protocols, Classful vs. classless protocols, and distance vector vs. link state protocols.

Software defined networking is a new concept that redefined the current network device architecture and the way they behave. Due to the exponential growth of the Internet and services attached to this worldwide infrastructure, a number of issues have cropped up in modern day networks. This paper discusses a few of these limitations and how the software defined networking approach tries to alleviate them. OpenFlow, released in the year 2008, is a commercially viable implementation of this concept that is being well received by the networking industry at large. The paper also discusses the OpenFlow protocol, its implementation and the challenges facing its widespread acceptance

Everyone was so busy trying to one up the competition none of the new systems were able to work together. In 1984, the Exchange Carriers Standards Association (ECSA) proposed a method to interconnect the fiber optic systems from multiple vendors. (Woods, 2000) Metrobus which was developed by AT&T’s Bell Laps would later turn into a major project that helped pave the way for SONET. Metrobus was designed to be the first long-haul high-speed optical transport network for Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs). Some features that were introduced by Metrobus such as single-step multiplexing, synchronous timing, point-to-multipoint multiplexing and the ability to achieve high bandwidth transmission capacity of close to 150 Mbs were all taken into consideration with the research and development that would eventually result in SONET.

Abstract—As of 31st December 2013, according to ‘Internet world stats’ there are 2,802,478,934 internet users globally, and this number is ever growing. Even though the number of users keep increasing, the RF (Radio Frequency) bandwidth is scarce resulting in a progressive decrease in the data rate. On the other hand, visible light spectrum is much wider (~10,000 times) opening the door to a higher data rate. Taking this

13. This chapter describes SONET, a family of physical layer standards used in telco networks over the last few decades. Which of the following are true about the slow and fast end of the optical carrier (OC) standards mentioned in this book: OC-1 and OC-192? (Choose two answers)

The basic concept of network convergence is to provide all the communication services such as voice, video and data within a single network to achieve its goal of delivering better services while lowering prices to consumers. There is a need for network convergence, as one single pipe is used to deliver all the communication services that help in regulating the overall network costs to a significant level. Both the users and service providers get benefitted by the adoption of convergence. The users can access a huge range of services, where as the service providers can benefit by entering into new markets. The network built on Ethernet allows users to access their applications on servers and the network built on Fiber Channel enables those servers to access huge amount of data on a storage network. The manufacturing cost and maintenance of these two networks is very expensive and hence it would be more cost-efficient to have just one network. So the converged network assures a highly scalable and a high-performance network with consistent management tools that can handle both Ethernet and storage traffic. Convergence is all about services and new ways of doing business as well as interacting with society.

The high-speed broadband penetration and ongoing growth of the Internet traffic among customers have been the key reasons that are driving the rapid emergence and deployment of optical access networks as a basic bearer network that supports hybrids services for multiple customers while bearing huge capacity. Passive optical network is the most interesting solution for the optical access network to cope with the increasing bandwidth demand and to meet the cost effectiveness. PON can be used for Point to point (P2P) or Point to multi-point (P2MP) configurations. The P2P structure builds a dedicated fiber from a CO to each subscriber which constitutes an ultimate solution to provide much-needed bandwidth to each ONU. In P2MP topologies, the feeder fiber is shared between various customers and terminates at a central office in an Optical Line Terminal. Passive splitters put between the OLT and the ONU are used to split the connection to multiple end points, thus enormously reduces the maintaining cost. Two key technologies are used in passive optical network: the first one known as TDM-PON uses Time Division Multiplexing to multiplex traffic from/to multiple ONUs onto the upstream/downstream wavelength. It requires complex scheduling algorithms and framing technology to support a variety of services. The second is Wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network “WDM PON”. This technology comes to extend the

Principal investigator of this proposed project, Dr. Xiqun Zhu, devotes to the system level design and business development of this product. With similar experience at Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, he designed free space wireless optical data transmission systems from concept to system architecture, to transmitter/receiver tracking and aligning mechanism, to fully functional prototype. Then he served as the marketing manager for launching the product. In that role, he gained first hand system level design and product launch experience, including initial technology introduction, customer field trials, general product offerings and introductions, optical power

The great growth in user’s demand for bandwidth due to today’s network applications stir the competition between network carriers. FSAN began studies to access needs in late 2010, they concluded that there is a great gap between user needs and the bandwidth offered by the 10 gbps capable Passive Optical Network (10G-PON known as XGPON) technologies. A system proposal for Next Generation- Passive Optical Network (NG-PON2) stage 2 was commenced in 2011. Among other solutions Time and Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network (TWDM-PON) technology was recommended at the April 2012 meeting as a primary solution to design and implement NG-PON2 [1]. This network design achieves

The architecture of SDN allows the controller to control data plane resources. SDN simplifies the configuration of the wide range of resources that are available. SDN must be applicable within systems that already exist which contain many organizations with the need for security of the information that is being shared. Limitations in the real world include the need to exist with the present support systems, administrative or technology fields. Functional subsets maybe summarized from the SDN architecture if the environment is not as complex. Standardization, validation and integration are minimized whenever required, using simple mechanisms. A complex system is partitioned into modular parts in architecture. This helps in managing the level of complexity and reusing the components in order to meet other practical or business goals. Component partitioning is an added advantage when it comes to the type of services delivered to the end user.

Abstract— This paper explains about the Evolution of fiber optic networks in Communications. It describes in detail about the Optics communication model and also detailed MATLAB work on calculating the parameters that are required to setup a optical link. It also emphasizes on different bands employed in Communication systems. The section three of the paper describes briefly regarding Synchronous Optical Networking (SONET) and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH). The SONET networks topology and their hierarchy is also described in this paper. The data rates of Sonet/Sdh and the optical market highlights are described at

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a rapidly growing technology which has received lot of attention. It addresses some of the long-standing challenges in the field of computer networks. It simplifies and makes it easier to management network. The core idea behind SDN is to pull out the intelligence from network devices like switch and router so that entire network can be controlled from a centralized single controller. The SDN controller has the global view of entire network devices. The controller can be customized by the network administrators or by the engineers as per the need of the business. The SDN technology makes the network programmable, agile, dynamic, scalable, flexible and centrally controlled. This paper initially focuses on the need of SDN. In the later part consists of architecture of the SDN enabled network, its different applications, challenges in implementing SDN.

Abstract- In this work, an integrated passive optical network and free space optical communication system based on no-carrier single sideband modulation is proposed. Optical orthogonal frequency multiplexing is employed with dense wavelength division multiplexing to support 16 channels over 300 km bidirectional single mode fiber to enhance spectral efficiency and reduce inter-symbol interference. Moreover, wavelength reuse is also realized to design cost effective optical network units. Results revealed that the proposed framework successfully accomplished the 300 km symmetrical distance and