Oral Cancer Analysis Using Tongue Image Essay

Vital signs are BP 113/82, pulse 83, respirations 18, O2 saturation is 99. Alert, in no acute distress. HEENT: Atraumatic. Examination of his mouth revealed a 1 cm erythroplastic lesion to the left side mid tongue, which he reports some tenderness to it during palpation. Lesion has well defined borders and its unique color it is all red.

About 45,000 new cases of head and neck cancers are occurring every year in United States. Among them, estimated 20% are human papilloma virus (HPV) infected cancers. The tonsil, base of tongue and lingual tonsil, other potentially HPV-associated oropharynx, oral tongue, other oral cavity, larynx, and other HPV-unrelated oropharynx are all to be considered to be different part of head and neck cancer (HNC) in the study (Ryerson et al., 2008).

Besides staying clear of unhealthy consumption of tobacco and alcohol, it is very important to have an oral examination at least once a year, to catch any newly developed lesions that may have gone unnoticed. The dentist will look for any abnormal lumps and sores and red or white patches. Survival rates are higher when cancerous cells are found at early stages (Cutter). Unfortunately, most oral cancers are not discovered early enough. Once the dentist examines the mouth, the dental hygienist, who cleans the teeth, has the opportunity to re-examine the mouth. It is the hygienist's duty to notice any peculiar areas in the mouth and bring them to the attention of the dentist. Having both the dentist and hygienist examine the mouth adds a cautionary step in the process of oral examination.

Oral squamous cell carcinomas are rapid in growth and are not due to sunlight exposure. Refusal to eat due to the tumors on the tongue and/or surrounding gums, drooling, bad breath, and swollen lymph nodes, are symptoms. Oral carcinoma’s needs to be diagnosed early. If not, the prognoses is not good and death is eminent.

Throat & Mouth: Lips, pink, moist, intact with no cheilosis/cheilitis. 27 teeth, yellow and black, poor repair, oral mucosa: pink, moist, intact; tongue: pink, rough, midline, no lesions, pleasant breath odor; Pharynx and tonsils pink, moist with no exudate. Uvula midline.

Most SLN studies in oral cancers use nuclear imaging combined with a blue dye injection. Combine use of both has little advantage over using two alone. As nuclear technology is not widely available in this country and also is expensive so dye alone can be alternative for SLN biopsy. In various studies MBD has shown equal effectiveness in detection of SLN and has less adverse effect than other dyes and rarely associated with life threatening condition also is cheap and easily available. So, it can be used alone to detect SLN in

Though no exact cause for oral cancers is known, the American Cancer Society says that smoking or use of other tobacco products, heavy drinking and human papillomavirus infections have been shown to increase the risk of developing oral cancer. The use of alcohol and tobacco together increases the risk of oral cancer more than for people who don’t use alcohol or tobacco. Stopping the use of alcohol and tobacco products is the first step in decreasing your chances of developing oral cancer. Seeing your dentist regularly can help to detect any problems while they’re in the early stages.

It important to have good dental health, brushing and flossing daily leads to a happy, healthy mouth. However, many people do not realize unhealthy teeth covered in plaque can possibly contribute to issues that affect the rest of the body such as cancer. There is a link between the health of a person’s mouth and the condition of their body.

You may be asking yourself, “what is Head and Neck Cancer?”. Well in this report it will be my job to explain what it is. Head and Neck cancer can have many definitions but the one that i’ll be using is, it is different sort of cancers in between the head and the neck. According to the Cancer Treatment Centers of America, “For example, the most common cancers that someone can get are cancer in the ears, nose, and throat. For example, tumors in the larynx or pharynx may be discovered as a lump in the throat. Cancer in the mouth may cause sores in the mouth or swelling of the jaw.”

Candidiasis, recurrent herpes labialis and recurrent aphthous stomatitis, hairy tongue, erythema migrans, and lichen planus are the most type of common superficial oral lesions. Diagnosis of such lesions requires history taking, performing a complete oral examination and knowledge of clinical characteristics. Oral candidiasis may present as pseudomembranous candidiasis, glossitis, or perleche (angular cheilitis) (Gonsalves et al. 2007). We performed a study to determine the frequency of seven tongue abnormal conditions in patients attended in the Screening Clinic of Oral Medicine Department of Dental School in Shiraz, Fars providence, Iran. A total of 112 adults that aged between 15-58 years old were clinically examined punctilious observation using dental

The human oral cavity is prone to many lesions that can occur due to, diseases, injury, age or genetics. Five lesions that occurred in the human mouth are: hairy leukoplakia, lingual varicosities, traumatic ulceration, bifid tongue, and macroglossia. Some of these lesions can be benign or malignant depending on its etiology, and how treatable the lesion is once it has been spotted at the mouth.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounts for 90% of all oral cancers. It may affect any anatomical site in the mouth.(1) Annually,130,000 people succumb to oral cancer in India i.e. approximately 14 deaths per hour. Recently, a trend has been observed towards increasing incidence of OSCC among young adults. (2)The concept of a two-step process of cancer development in the oral mucosa, i.e. a precursor lesion subsequently developing into OSCC, is well established. These precursor lesions are referred as Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMD). Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is one of the commonest OPMD. The malignant transformation rate of OSF ranges from 3 to 19%(2) .OSF is characterized by changes in the connective tissue fibres of the lamina propria and deeper parts leading to stiffness of the oral mucosa and restricted mouth opening (3) and this extensive fibrosis of the connective tissue also causes reduction of vascularity & subsequently hypoxia in oral mucosa (4). OSF has been reported commonly among Indians living in India and among other Asiatics, with a prevalence ranging up to

Cancer of the lip occurs when cells on your lip become abnormal and start to grow out of control. Most of the time, the cancer is on the lower lip. It usually starts in very thin, flat cells (squamous cells) that cover the surface of your lips. Cancer cells can spread and form a mass of cells called a tumor. The cancer may spread deeper into the lip, or it may spread to other areas of the body (metastasize).

A 57-year-old female presented to the Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences clinic with a chief complaint of “pain on my tongue since 8 months”. Patient was diagnosed with breast cancer 6 yrs back and underwent radiation therapy. She is allergic to sulfa drugs. On clinical examination reveals there is a well-demarcated white patch with areas of depapillation on the left dorsum of the tongue. What is the likely diagnosis?

Oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) is a common term suggested to replace oral pre-cancer, Including both oral precancerous lesions and oral Precancerous conditions. All oral lesions that carry a risk of malignant transformation are included under this term. Oral submucos fibrosis in of the oral potentially malignant disorders3.