Oral Cancer Screening In (GEOID)

(p133-134, text). * Define metastasis. * Development of a secondary tumor in a location distant from the primary tumor. * Accomplished via lymphatic channels and circulation. * Trace the pathways for the hematologic and lymphatic spread of metastatic cancer cells. Evidence of disseminate disease presence in lymph that drain the tumor area, tumor cells lodge first in the initial lymph node that receives drainage from the tumor site, once in this lymph node cells may die b/c of the lack of a proper environment, remain dormant for unknown reasons, or grow in a discernible mass, If they survive and grow cancer cells, may spread from more distant lymph nodes to the thoracic duct, and the gain access to the blood vasculature, cancer cells may gain access to the blood vasculature from the initial node and more distant lymph nodes by way of tumor-associated blood vessels that may infiltrate the tumor mass. Sentinel

Staging is the process of finding out how much cancer there is in the body and where it is located. It is how the doctor learns the stage of a person's cancer. Doctors use this information to plan treatment and to help predict a person's outlook (prognosis). Cancers with the same stage tend to have similar outlooks and are often treated the same way. The cancer stage is also a way for doctors to describe the extent of the cancer when they talk with each other about a person’s case.

As dental hygienists we are members of the healthcare community. That means that we have an extremely important role when it comes to the health of our patients. When patients present themselves in our treatment room, it is our responsibility to make sure we do not leave anything unexamined. We are professionals in the practice of identifying, preventing, and treating oral diseases. We do this by completing thorough extraoral and intraoral exams and being conscious of what to look for. One particular exam that we do is an oral cancer exam. As dental hygienists we are at the forefront in identifying this disease. In an article written by Nancy Burkhart, a coauthor of General and Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist, she states, “It is known that oral cancer is more likely to be detected in an early stage in the dental office than those found at a physician’s office, which tend to be at a later stage.” (Burkhart, 2014) This may be because dental hygienists focus more on the oral tissues than physicians do; or the fact that patients go to a doctor when it is already at advanced stages. It is imperative that we as dental hygienists know the signs and symptoms of oral cancer, as well as the risk factors involved in developing the disease and how it can be prevented. While it is important as a dental hygienist to identify oral diseases, it is more important to educate our patients on how they can avoid any potential abnormalities from becoming severe problems,

Stage IV: it is clear that there is a wide spread of the tumor into other locations by using the lymph system

tumors have invaded below the epidermis and into the dermis but are small and have no high

Besides staying clear of unhealthy consumption of tobacco and alcohol, it is very important to have an oral examination at least once a year, to catch any newly developed lesions that may have gone unnoticed. The dentist will look for any abnormal lumps and sores and red or white patches. Survival rates are higher when cancerous cells are found at early stages (Cutter). Unfortunately, most oral cancers are not discovered early enough. Once the dentist examines the mouth, the dental hygienist, who cleans the teeth, has the opportunity to re-examine the mouth. It is the hygienist's duty to notice any peculiar areas in the mouth and bring them to the attention of the dentist. Having both the dentist and hygienist examine the mouth adds a cautionary step in the process of oral examination.

No one is immune from the threat of oral cancer, but more often than not, older patients are diagnosed with the disease. Many symptoms—especially those that emerge in less accessible areas of your mouth and throat—are hard to detect on your own, but your dentist can spot the warning signs right away with a thorough screening. Since oral cancer screenings are conducted during each checkup, regular visits are critical to

Sebaceous cyst is believed to be a non cancerous, it is a small bump beneath the skin,

Throat cancer is anywhere found in the throat which is also called pharynx. The pharynx is a 5” tube that runs from the nose to your neck. The larynx, known as the voice box, is found at the front of the neck. The larynx and pharynx are the main places where then cancer forms. The head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) will be found in the mouth, nose, and throat; it can also be spread to the lymph nodes and lungs. HNSCC can be altered to the DNA in cells; HNSCC is the most common cancer worldwide. You could develop throat cancer in your later years, most people develop throat cancer around the year 65. You can develop throat cancer by smoking cigarettes, pipes, cigars. Also, the lack of fruits and vegetables, and excessive alcohol use can lead to throat cancer.

Nearly 40,000 people in the U.S. will be diagnosed with oral cancer this year, and almost 8,000 will die from the disease, according to the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR). Although, these are statistics may seem daunting, there is good news: An oral cancer prognosis can be greatly improved with early detection and well-timed treatment.

It important to have good dental health, brushing and flossing daily leads to a happy, healthy mouth. However, many people do not realize unhealthy teeth covered in plaque can possibly contribute to issues that affect the rest of the body such as cancer. There is a link between the health of a person’s mouth and the condition of their body.

MCC is unlike other skin cancers since the tumors can develop on any regions of skin. It is most commonly found on the head and neck areas (Wong & Wang 2010). These tumors usually appear with pink, red, or purple lumps on the skin. They are quick growing, but not painful. The lumps are often firm, however they can open up and persist as ulcers or sores. MCC is

Cancer of the floor of the mouth occurs when cells under your tongue become abnormal and start to grow out of control. This usually starts in very thin, flat cells that line the surface of your mouth (squamous cells). Cancer cells can spread and form a mass of cells called a tumor. The cancer may spread deeper into the floor of the mouth, or it may spread to other areas of the body (metastasize).

The purpose of the study and final conclusion do not match. In the study purpose it was mentioned that, oral cavity lesions could be indicative of palpable disease and/or recurrence of myeloma however in the conclusion it was stated that, “oral cavity lesions can be the first sign of recurrence or progression of multiple myeloma”.1

Ten paraffin embedded blocks or sections of already diagnosed cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma which were progressed from oral submous fibrosis were obtained from the archives.