Oral Candidiasis

“The impact of unmet oral health care needs is magnified by the well-established connection between oral health and overall health” (Fineberg, H. 2011, p. ix). Oral health status is linked with general health, as evidenced by the association between poor oral health and chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease. Poor oral hygiene can also lead to other health issues such as, oral facial pain and digestive problems. “The silent epidemic of oral diseases disproportionately affects disadvantaged communities,

If you are concerned that your oral health issue might be too complex to deal with, don't you worry! Robert A Eckelson and his team have worked on many difficult cases and

Thrush - Candida albicans, a fungus may appear in the mouth due to immune system diseases or certain medications.

Oral white patches suggest a yeast infection of the mouth named candidiasis (trush), and it is the most common oral condition in people with HIV infection. Researches estimated that 9 in 10 people with HIV present at least one oral condition related to HIV disease. This may be the first sign of immune suppression and the reason why physicians recommended HIV testing. The immune system weakens progressively over time and becomes susceptible to bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic (opportunistic) infections. Another infection (viral) with oral white patches manifestation is the hairy leukoplakia, which is believed to be caused by Epstein-Barr virus mononucleosis, also very common in HIV-related oral conditions(“HIV and the mouth”, 2011).

Oral care is important to keep up with no matter if you are healthy, or have some sort of syndrome or disease. If oral care is not as important to you as food is, then you may be asking for infection because your mouth is a very dirty environment. It is a bacteria heaven. In this paper, I will address a few different topics. First, we will talk about oral care for patients with autism, then patients that have Down syndrome. Both of these

Swollen gum is the result of a bacterial infection that is caused by poor dental hygiene. Teeth that aren’t properly cleaned on a regular basis will develop plaque and tartar. This buildup causes your gums to swell and bleed when they are irritated either by a toothbrush, floss or food. When wearing braces it is a lot harder to keep teeth clean. Food can easily become stuck in between your braces and cause your gums to swell up. The swelling usually lasts for a few days and can be painful to deal with. Luckily, there are few things you can do to reduce the swelling.

Cervicitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis because pt has a predisposing factor of vaginal delivery - G3P1SA2. She also has postcoital bleeding and mucopurulent vaginal discharge. Chlamydia is typically seen in <25 years of age, sexually active, and not using barrier contraceptive.

‎ Although the prevalence of dental caries has decreased worldwide, the incidence ‎of dental caries on the occlusal surface of posterior teeth is still increasing (2). It ‎represents 90% of the carious lesion occurring in the oral cavity (3). This may be related to ‎natural anatomy of pits and fissures providing protective sh sites for food entrapment and ‎bacterial development. This means that the tooth brushing which is the gold standard of ‎proper oral hygiene measure will not be able to prevent development of occlusal caries. ‎

Most people know that ascomycete yeasts produce CO2 that makes bread rise and ferment sugary substrates to alcohol. In fact, many yeast species are vitally important in modern commerce. Some species are parasites of animals and plants. Candida albicans and its close relatives cause disease in human beings, and for this reason, the C. Albicans genome was one of the first yeast genomes sequenced.

The epidemiological studies in caries do not show a consistent distribution for all tooth surfaces. The occlusal surface caries still show high prevalence compared to interproximal caries. The incidence of caries in the occlusal surfaces of the teeth constitutes more than two-thirds of all caries types. The propensity of occlusal caries to develop is closely related with the depth and morphology of the pits and fissures. Caries development is caused by the fact that bacteria and food accumulate in the pit and fissures and these areas cannot be cleaned properly due to the lack of both cleansing effect of saliva and mechanical cleaning (3).

Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV) is a severe chronic autoimmune vesiculobullous disease, characterized by the formation of auto-antibodies against epithelial glycoproteins, as desmoglein 1 and 3, leading to epithelial acantholysis. The disease may affect the epithelial tissues of skin and pharyngeal, laryngeal, esophageal, nasal, conjunctival, genital, and oral mucosae. The oral lesions present as superficial erosions and ulcerations distributed randomly at any site. However, palate, labial mucosa, the belly of the tongue and gingiva are the most affected sites. The incidence is rare under 50 years. This study reports a case of a young woman under immunotherapy for PV, referred by the dermatologist, due to a refractory gingivitis. Clinical examination

Candidiasis also known as Thrush is an infection caused by the yeast Candida. It’s found in women, newborn infants, and adults with poor immune systems. It is known to cause mouth and vaginal infections that arent life threatning but very annoying. It can be found in almost everyone but causes only mild problems to the body. The candida organism is present in 30 to 55% of healthy young adults. About 55% of women are infected with vaginal candidiasis at least one time in their life. It is the fourth most commonly isolated organism from blood cultures. It is also the most common cause of fungai infections with poor immune systems. There are two types of Thrush one oral and the other deep organ. Oral can appear on the tongue, inside the cheeks, and the palate of the mouth. It often occurs to people with abnormal immune systems. Also

There is much debate about if it is necessary to include tongue cleaning into everyday oral hygiene habits. In eastern countries, tongue cleaning has a regular part in oral hygiene, adversely, in western countries; tongue cleaning has not regularly been included in oral hygiene (1). Typically, the tongue is pinkish and may have a small whitish coating. As an individual ages,

Patient Case Report: A 53-year-old female was referred to University of Maryland Dental School’s Oral Medicine clinic with a 15-year history of daily, chronic, burning sensation, dysgeusia, salty taste perception on her tongue, and sensation in the back of her throat of oral mucosa. She denied any dry mouth or dry eyes and has no problems with olfaction. There are no issue with salivary glands and mass palpations. Her pain or burning is exacerbated in stressful events and her burning or taste alteration abnormalities worsened since 2010. She had a lot of dental work done one on the upper left side of her mouth. Her dentist did several oral examinations and they did not find any gum disease or mucosal related problems with her teeth. Tests for metabolic problems were negative. There is no history of diabetes or thyroid problems. The biopsy results showed chronic gingival inflammation around #13 and #15 teeth. Her sensory complaints started after a dental treatment. After the onset of sensory complaints, she saw her general dentist and he referred her to periodontist to see if the sensory dysfunctions was related to any gum disease or problems with her teeth.

Though specific subject selection criteria are not mentioned in the article, subject selection bias is not observed as cases reported in this article include both sexes, age range reported is broad from 31 to 70 years old the location and clinical appearance of each oral lesion were different. Author has reported and discussed each case and analyzed similarities and differences in all case reports. As per my opinion this study has following issues: