Oral Immune Therapy For Neonates Using Mother 's Colostrum / Breastmilk

Patient 1 : A 3-week-old baby is brought into the urgent care clinic with a fever of 101.4 degrees F. Without hesitating or assessing the infant, the physician orders a complete blood count (CBC), a urinalysis, blood cultures, and a lumbar puncture.

closeness with her newborn” (United Sates 3). With all of these proven health benefits, there is

Cue based feeding refers to nipple feedings that are initiated in reaction to an infant's behavioral cues and comes to an end when the infant demonstrates satiation (Drenckpohl, Dudas, et al, 2009). The aim of the Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is to provide mothers with sufficient factual information regarding superior infant nutrition, therapeutic and immunological

Breast milk is widely acknowledged as the complete form of nutrition for infants with a range of benefits for infants’ health, growth, immunity and development (Breastfeeding- Natural Is Best). All these factors can decrease Sudden Infant Death Syndrome(SIDS) and mortality. In serval meta-analyses babies that are breastfeed have a 36% decrease in the risk of SIDS. According to The Lives Saved Tool, an estimated 823,000 yearly deaths would be saved if breastfeeding was scaled up to universal levels. Disorders like necrotizing enterocolitis, that has a high case-fatality, showed a 58% decrease with breastfeeding (Victoria, Cesar G, et all.).

This article was created to evaluate the need for increased breast milk feeding in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Man-made formula has been optimized throughout the years and works well for breast alternative feedings, although there is no denying that breast milk is the best alternative for babies. Unfortunately, there are some situations where breast milk may not be available, in these situations, donor breast milk is oftentimes available. In regards to premature infants, breast milk has proven over the years to be the better option. This study will discuss the advantages of increased breast milk feedings in the NICU.

This reviews aim is to evaluate not only the role of the pharmacist in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), but also to determine how effective the pharmacists are in this role. The challenges we are facing in neonatology for the last 50 years are many. We can better comprehend the creating insusceptible arrangement of the fetus and newborn to target particular immune inadequacies and create apparatuses to upgrade immune function with the objective of anticipating contaminations, the absolute most vital reason for death in newborns. These can be achieved through a team work of care providers in management of common neonatal disorders, by reducing ADRs of common druds using in neonates and administration of better nutritional supplements both to mother and baby

Theory serves as a guidance for any profession. There are countless theories which exist regarding patient care including Hildegard Peplau's interpersonal relations theory. Many non-nursing theories are relevant to the healthcare field including Kurt Lewin's change theory which discusses the process of change. This paper will discuss both Peplau's interpersonal theory and Lewin's change theory, their contributions and comparing both theories.

Colostrum introduces high immunoglobulin into a baby’s body, which contains antibodies, nutrients, and growth factors that helps newborns to have a strong immune system. It is important for expecting mothers to breast feed babies immediately after childbirth, so they can enjoy the benefits of colostrum because the mother’s milk will stop making colostrum and normal milk will be produced. Breast milk is very important in the life of any newborn, unfortunately some babies do not get this milk or adequate amount of milk from their mothers due to one reason or the other, such as maternal death after child birth, and mother refused to breastfeed, mother not making enough breast milk for baby, infant is born preterm and other medical reasons. There are other ways babies can be feed. Babies can be given formula or wet nurse milk. Recently, a donor’s milk is used to feed babies in some of the developed countries including United States of America. A donor is a woman who sold or donated her breast milk to the hospital or human milk banks. The donor’s milk is then used to breastfeed new born baby, preterm and low weight infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The milk goes through a pasteurization process before it will be used to feed babies. It is better to feed new born babies with human milk than formula. Breastfeeding is good for infants and mothers too. It helps a

As breastfeeding can be a difficult transition, doctors and nurses are there to assist to the breastfeeding process for mothers and their infant (AAP, 2005). Breastfeeding is especially critical to a premature infant’s health, as they are below birth weight as it is the human milk gives them all their nutrients they need to develop appropriately compared to infants that are fed formula (AAP, 2005). There’s reason as to why women produce milk to feed it to their same “species”, therefore any other form of milk i.e. formula, will be very different even though it may be advertised as “just the same as breast milk”. With that being said, mothers milk is the highest quality for infant feeding which has led to more positive outcomes for development (AAP,

Knowledge gained by studying the interaction between the infant’s saliva and the mother’s immune system includes understanding how the immune system develops, along with how to keep infants safe. Growing popularity of infant formula requires research in how detrimental the loss of breastmilk is to the child. Understanding the relationship of how leukocytes and immunoglobins are synthesized for someone other than the host will help further knowledge in the field of immunology. Examining how to protect infants that do not have a developed immune system will also benefit from the data of this project.

Breast milk is seen to be one of the most ideal forms of nutrition for infants. Organizations from across the world recommend universal breastfeeding as a way to ensure a healthy and stable development for a newborn. The American Academy of Pediatrics (APP), specifically, encourages a mother to exclusively breastfeed the infant for the first 6 months of life. In addition, the American Academy of Pediatrics suggests to continue making breast milk a main component in the child’s diet for their first year of life. However, complications occur and some individuals may not have the means to provide breast milk to an infant. In these specific situations, a mother or caregiver can obtain breast milk from milk banks or use a commercial formula.

It is clear that breast milk is considered, by numerous medical and health organizations, to be the gold standard for feeding infants, especially those in the NICU. The benefits of breast milk in which it is shown to reduce rates of infection in infants and to improve their long term health versus the potential negative risks of using formula is real and proven. As health care professionals, we must always be up to date on all of the research being conducted which will provide the best help to our patients. The cost expenditures and process of this program are a little extreme. However, when one researches and takes into account the negative and harmful consequences of using infant formula, the use of human donor milk should always

Thermoregulation is a huge concern for a newborn and the immediate need for uninterrupted contact between new mother and baby helps keep the baby’s temperature up using the heat of the mother’s bare skin to the full frontal body of the infant guarding against heat loss in the forms of conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation. Another noted benefit of this practice at birth is increased “colonization of the newborn to maternal flora (vs. hospital flora) to protect against infection and promote breastfeeding (Sobel et al., 2011).” Hospital acquired infection is a worry of most patients in a hospital and babies are especially susceptible initially, promoting a practice that lessens that risk should be implemented in this

For mothers of newborn children their breast milk is what many consider “liquid gold”. Called this due to the color and consistence it has, which is thick and a deep yellow color its medical term is colostrum. The colostrum is the first milk produced by mothers during pregnancy and just after birth, it is very rich in nutrients and includes antibodies to protect newborns from infections (Breastfeeding, 2004). The colostrum also helps with newborn infant's digestive systems to grow and function. A mother’s milk changes as the infant grows to adapt to developmental needs. The colostrum changes into mature milk by the third to fifth day after birth. Mature milk has just the right amount of fat, sugar, water, and protein, and although it looks thinner than colostrum, it has the nutrients and antibodies an infant need for healthy development (Breastfeeding, 2004.). Another benefit of breastfeeding is that the cells, hormones, and antibodies in breast milk protect babies from illnesses and is unique in its ability to change in order to meet an infant’s ever-growing needs. Further research also suggests that breastfed babies have lower risks of: asthma, childhood leukemia, childhood obesity, ear infections, eczema (atopic dermatitis), diarrhea and vomiting. There are also advantages for the mother when it comes to breastfeeding, the actual act of breastfeeding releases the hormone oxytocin, which helps the uterus return to its pre-pregnancy size and may reduce uterine bleeding after birth (Breastfeeding,

Breast milk is the best nutrition for infants, especially preterm infants by providing exact nutrient for growth and to fight disease (Meier, Engstrom, Patel, Jegier & Bruns, 2010). According to Hake-Brooks & Anderson (2008), “Preterm infants who are fed breast-milk have a lower incidence and severity of infection during hospitalization, including necrotizing enterocolitis, diarrhea, and sepsis. They have less retinopathy of prematurity, superior cognitive and motor development and decreased length of hospital stay (p. 151).” Unfortunately, breast-feeding preterm infants poses difficulty among mothers including physical and emotional barriers (Hake-Brooks & Anderson, 2008). Nurses have the opportunity to develop a trusting relationship with this population to encourage and facilitate breast-feeding preterm infants by providing continual support and implementing specific interventions (Hake-Brooks & Anderson, 2008). Nursing intervention and support can empower mothers to be persistent in overcoming the barriers of breast-feeding to provide preterm infants with optimal nutrition (Ahmed, 2008; Hake-Brooks & Anderson, 2008; Maastrup, Bojensen, Kronborg & Hallstrom, 2012; Wheeler, 2009; Yildiz & Arikan, 2011)