Oral Sucrose For Pain Relief

Optimal postoperative pain control is of utmost importance in the surgical population. 1-2 Analgesic techniques in paediatric patients having surgery are often delayed by the inherent difficulties of conducting a large randomized clinical trial in those patients. 3,-4 The optimal dose of local anaesthetics in paediatric regional anaesthetic techniques remain unknown. 5- 6

The pain that the infants experience has a significant and lasting impact. In addition to the acute pain and stress experienced while in the NICU, there are lasting effects of these procedures for the patients. According to Grunau, et al. (2013):

Children presenting to the emergency department are often subjected to painful and anxiety-producing procedures, both for diagnostic purposes and for treatment of symptoms. Historically, pediatric patients have not been afforded the same level of care as adults with regard to the management of procedural pain. Pain in the young child age group (1-7 years) has often been under-treated,

In this study the researchers tested the pain responses in newborns who are experiencing heel sticks. They split forty-eight newborns into four categories, each with a different type if milk odor origination. The four groups were: own mother’s breast milk odor, another mother’s breast milk odor, formula milk odor, and a control group (Nishitani, 2009). Different reactions were recorded in the duration of the heel sticks such as crying out, grimacing, and motor activities. Another

Opioid analgesics are the most potent in the alleviation of pain. In this class, Fentanyl is the strongest. Morphine is the gold standard of opioid analgesics, according to Rxlist. The other medications that fall under opioids are either more or less potent in comparison to morphine.

Exactly a child has different tolerance than an adult. The different route also depends on the patients' level of pain and this would totally affect a pregnant woman. I agree with what you're telling us

Acute pain following a surgical procedure is one of the most common stimuli experiences by pediatric patients. Pediatric postoperative pain management has long been overlooked and treated differently than adult pain management. There tend to many misconceptions when it comes to pediatric pain management stemming from the belief that children do not experience pain the same way as adults. Since the pediatric population is not legally allowed to make medical decisions, guardians must make these decisions for them.

Derbyshire within Fetal Pain: Do We Know Enough to Do the Right thing? discusses the anatomy, anatomical pathways and the psychology relating to the fetus (Derbyshire, 2008). It has been suggested that because of the fetal capabilities there is a possibility that the fetus can respond emotionally and cognitively, with the possibility of the experience of pain in utero at seven, eight, and twenty-six weeks’ gestation (Derbyshire, 2008). An average woman does not know about her pregnancy until five to six week’s gestation, and by that point, the baby already has a heartbeat and its nervous system has begun to grow. By this point is when the mother decides if she wants to keep the child or abort it. The pain sensory, or known as the “Alarm system

The database was searched for main terms for information on the related topic included oral sucrose, infants, and immunizations. Alternative terms included oral sweeteners, neonates, needles, and analgesia. MeSH terms included Needles*, Sucrose/*administration & dosage, Pain/*prevention & control, Punctures/*adverse effects, Sweetening Agents/*administration & dosage, Humans; Infant; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic. Inclusion criteria included infants < 1 year of age, publication dates: 2005-2016, randomized control trial, systematic review, USA, glucose/sucrose,

Teething is a natural process where the teeth emerge from the gums; but it can be painful and infants may require teething pain relief. Teething tends to happen over a couple years as the child ages. The first teeth to come in are in the front and are usually the most painful. Subsequent teeth that come in are not as troublesome. But as the teeth come in, there is something that can be done to help your children. Infant teething pain remedies can be helpful in relieveing some of the discomfort associated with teething and making the process as easy as possible.

Pain is defined as the patient’s described experience to actual or potential tissue damage (Yukari, Noriko, & Okamoto, 2010). It is an issue in the care of any patient, because pain adversely affects the health of the patient. Not only is pain uncomfortable, it causes the release of specific hormones, adrenaline, and other chemicals that make healing difficult, if not impossible. It decreases patient mobility, leading to complications of secondary pneumonia and pressure ulcers (Yukari, Noriko, & Okamoto, 2010). It can have such a severe effect on the body that it may cause a shock like syndrome that can cause death (Yukari, Noriko, & Okamoto, 2010). For all of these reasons, pain management is paramount to any patient care plan.

Pediatric pain management is measured subjectively because it is based off of what the patient says or how the nurse interprets the pain scale. Pain is rated using different scales, unfortunately these different scales could yield different results. Nurses are trained to use pediatric pain scales to analyze and treat pain but parents are not supplied with the tools to manage pain when the patient goes home. With 84% of all pediatric surgical procedures performed on an outpatient basis, the importance of teaching parents how to assess for and manage pain has become more important than ever (Rony, Fortier, Chorney, Perret, & Kain, 2010). According to Rony’s et al. (2010) study, it is apparent that pediatric pain is not being treated effectively. The study showed that 58.8% of children were receiving less than the daily recommended does prescribed by the pediatrician (p.1). Results of the study also showed that parents had false assessments on if their child was actually in pain. 36% of parents believed that if their child was in pain, they would cry out for the parent , 30% agreed that their child would always tell them if they are in pain, while 22% said that the child would report their pain immediately (Rony, Fortier, Chorney, Perret, & Kain, 2010, ). Children do not always verbalize when they are in pain. Sometimes the pain can be so intense that a child is unable to talk. If the child catches on to the parents negative perception of pain medications, the child may not

Pharmacological comfort measures can provide partial or complete pain relief. The epidural is the most efficient way of reducing labor pain. Opioids can be given continuously or in intermittent doses at the patient 's request or through the patient controlled pump. There is the potential for these drugs to have some effect on the fetus, such as breathing difficulties that may require assistance through the use of Narcan. Providing pain relief during the labor process is solely the patient’s choice, and as the nurse only support and encouragement should be given for however she chooses to handle the pain. (Jansen, Gibson, Bowles, & Leach, 2013)

Whether the newborn is being fed through intravenous (IV) or a nasogastric/orogastric (NG/OG) tube it will still be important to try and establish an emotional bond not only for the mother, but for the newborn as well. Newborns have shown to make greater advances in

Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the different forms of pain management used during childbirth.