Order Of Draw : The Beginning Of Phlebotomy

Surgeries before the Victorian era was very brutal and painful for the patients and doctors. Many patients in surgery would bleed to death, die of shock, or of infected wounds and die of a common fever. Due to no known anesthesia, patients were given high amounts of alcohol to get rid of the pain but in reality it didn’t really do anything (viralnova ). The earliest surgical anesthetic was called ether. It put patients under but also caused vomiting and it was flammable. A clean operating room had a death rate of 1 in 10 patients, a dirty operating room had a death rate of 1 in 4 (viralnova ). Operating rooms were lit by candlelight so it was very difficult to see. Barbers carried out basic surgical task, when other surgeons were not around. Leeches were used as common practice to remove blood in the area the surgery would take place. This reduced the amount of people that bled out on the surgical table.

He believed that veins contained blood and arteries held air; fearing the possibility of transferring air to the veins as a result of venesection would ultimately be committing murder. Phlebotomy began as a dangerous method of treatment in an attempt to understand the human body and to help the sick.

Surgeons had so much practice with amputations that they could do so in “six to eight minutes” (“Civil War Medicine”) However, it wasn’t uncommon for surgeons to continue amputating until they no longer could. (“Civil War Medicine”) The healing of the open wounds was a perilous process. There were two main options to go about it: leave it open to heal and check the bandages for new skin to form, or pull a flap of skin over the wound and sew it up.

For my project I worked with my mentor and job shadow to get a better understanding of two different types of phlebotomy and all the tools used with phlebotomy. I worked with my mentor to understand being a Phlebotomist at a hospital lab and I worked with my job shadow to understand what it is like to work out in the world as a blood drive Phlebotomist. With my mentor, Bill, I worked with him and he taught me what it’s like to be a Phlebotomist at a hospital lab . While working with Bill he brought me to my final outcome by teaching me how to properly stick someone and draw blood properly. He taught me how, slowly, by making me comfortable with the environment of the hospital and teaching me all the leading steps up to sticking someone. With Amy, my job shadow,

Amputations saved more lives than any other wartime medical procedure. The battlefield surgeons had made a pact that they would never slice through the joints of a human body unless it was absolutely required, to keep the patient secure and conscious. Furthermore, when amputations came along, it took no more than six minutes to make the cut. Within that hour, the body part of the patient was safely amputated. Compared to the old battlefield technique of trying to save the limbs, amputation was a much better resolution for the health of the damaged. In addition, the expertise of an amputation included cutting as far away from the heart as possible, due to cardiothoracic matters. As a result to this advancement, they lost about 25% of civilians compared to 75% of civilians before the amputation.

What is Phlebotomy? Phlebotomy is an incision in the vein for the purpose of drawing blood.

One of the highly praised Renaissance surgeons was Ambroise Pare because he gave a “conventional account of the ‘five duties’ of his art: ‘to remove what is superfluous, to restore what has been dislocated, to separate what grown together, to reunite what has been divided and to redress the defects of nature’”(Porter, p.188). Pare was a barber-surgeon who had gotten a plethora of experience during his tending of the wounded from war. In fact, it was during the treatment of the battlefield that he learned gunpowder and shot weren’t poisonous as everyone had presumed. Another one of his discoveries was the use of ligatures when performing an amputation.

The majority of the doctors had a fee per visit, but in some cases, they were known to treat poorer patients for free nevertheless these charity visits were rare and infrequent. Most areas, or towns, used a retaining fee to keep doctors from travelling too far, though there is no evidence to support that this provided the residents with free healthcare. The retaining fee was in an attempt to ensure that if someone needed a doctor they wouldn’t die before the doctor arrived. Visits were most commonly done in the patient's home, since the doctor would only be summoned after home remedies had failed. The doctor would bring all the necessary supplies for the check up, diagnosis, and hopefully at least a portion of the remedy. When diagnosing patients, it was common practice to predict the worst outcome, for if it occurred, it would be more acceptable than if the patient died unexpectedly. When determining treatment, doctors tended to avoid using rash and invasive procedures, since there would be more chance of uncomfort and failure. Surgeries were practiced in Ancient Greece, however there was no anestesia, so patients had to endure being dissected without a buffer to reduce the pain. These procedures were only used as last resort, hence when the patient was going to die anyway. When finished with the surgery, the doctor would stitch the wound up with sutures, or stitches. At this time pus was

I knew from prior health science courses that amputations are one of the most ancient and serious surgical practices, but I also knew that the technologies that we have today are relatively new. This experience led me to investigate how the processes of amputations have developed over time. Although amputations have had a significant role in ancient political and cultural practices,

As great as the tourniquet is a lot of the times it’s not enough. For the longest time they just used clothes and rags to stop the bleeding which is a terrible way to go about stopping the bleeding. Although the technology for stopping blood loss has gone up drastically to the point where bandages use chemicals to cauterize the wound and bandages that stop bleeding very well but it can still be futile to try with standard

William Hunter developed and popularized the modern technique of arterial embalming in the late 18th century.

We just read an article about prehistoric rodents, I was surprised by their size. Scientists recently discovered the remains of a rat—like creature called “Phoberomys” it was as big as a buffalo. It sat back on its large rear feet and fed itself with its smaller front feet in just the way rats and mice do now. This supersized rodent lived in South America but luckily that was nearly ten million years ago. At that time South America and North America were separated by the sea so there were also no large cats around to hunt and kill other large animals. Scientists believe that Phoberomys thrived and grew large because of the lack of predators and competitors for food. However the carefree lifestyle of Phoberomys eventually disappeared

During the Hellenistic age, science, in particular knowledge of the human anatomy took vast leaps forward and remained to be used as a source of medical knowledge into the middle ages. The reason for the knowledge of anatomy was due to the exercise of dissection and vivisection in Ptolemaic Egypt with a group named the ‘Dogmatists’ who experimented on criminals. Vivisection is cutting into human flesh while the patient was alive so it was akin to torture. There was another school of thought present in Alexandria at the time, the Empiricists, who didn’t like the practise of dissection, not because they saw vivisection as torture, but because they “rejected dissection of human bodies as superfluous, claiming that surface topography, examination of wounds, and animal analogies offered sufficient opportunity to gain anatomic knowledge commensurate with therapeutic needs or inquisitive desires.” Dissection was highly controversial, which is why Egypt was the only place to practise it. It was torture and would be seen in

Many people learned about the Circulatory System in their elementary school years, so for many, it would be hard to imagine a time where Civilization were unaware of how blood works. It wasn’t until 1682 when a English physician named William Harvey discovered the Circulatory System, before than people didn’t know where it came from and were unaware of its importance, and since then medicine developed rapidly increasing people’s life span and becoming the foundation of medicine, and how much it has effected us to this day.

In prehistoric times, flint tools and other sharp-edged devices have been used to perform various surgical operations. Circumcision and other ritual operations were then performed with similar instruments. It seems that in the Neolithic time sawing stone and bone were used to perform amputations. Almost all major operations were carried out by the ancient Hindus nearly a thousand years before the advent of Greek medicine. Knowledge of the use of soporific options to relieve pain caused by surgery can be traced to ancient times. Then there came the Greeks and Romans first era in which they practiced surgery with great skill and with such clean the surgical wound infection and other was relatively rare, perhaps because of