Organ On A Chip

As of 2015, 200 to 225 million animals are said to used in laboratory research for the biomedical industry annually worldwide. Typically defended by arguments of reliability and human health benefits, recently the question of ethics and values placed on animal testing have caused it to become a relevant and pressing topic that has been more widely discussed and debated. First off, the laboratory conditions that are instigated upon millions of animal models for the sake of medical research has been said to be unethical and cruel. Additionally, it has been debated that the results of animal experimentation are unreliable across a wide range of areas. Lastly, animal testing not only leads away from the direction of resources from more effective testing methods but also prolongs the duration of time humans may need to wait for an effective cure. Therefore, the potential benefits of animal experimentation are greatly outweighed by the risks and collective harm of humans and animals which is why resources should be directed towards more human-based testing procedures.

Approximately 26 million animals are used every year in the United States alone for research and commercial testing (“Background of the Issue” 1). For years, legislators have debated the pros and cons of animal testing, and laws were passed to attempt to fix the inhumane treatment of the cute, innocent testing subjects, the animals. Although the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) was revised numerous times, “the species most commonly used in experiments (mice, rats, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians) comprise 99% of all animals in laboratories” and are the animals that are specifically exempted from protection under the act (“Experiments on Animals” 2). A simple fix to animal cruelty during testing is to use alternative methods since human and animal bodies already vary greatly. For years, animal testing was the best option because there was no alternative to testing on a living, whole-body system; however, in the age of technology, there is no reason for millions of animals to be killed due to the severity of the testing. Therefore, animal testing should be banned because alternative methods provide more accurate results since human bodies are very different than animal bodies; furthermore, animal advocacy organizations should promote cruelty-free products more so customers know what to purchase and use.

Organ donation provided a new therapeutic path when new drugs and devices failed to reduce the mortality and morbidity rate of patients with such illnesses as cardiovascular diseases. By replacing damaged organs or tissue with a functioning substitute, organ transplantation offers an immediate cure. Unfortunately, this “cure” is never guaranteed because of the high risk of graft rejection and that’s if a suitable donor can be found. Thus, tissue engineering has been the projected new treatment for these problems. Tissue engineering replaces the diseased or damaged tissue or organs with biofabricated counterparts made using the specifications dictated by the features of the specific tissue or organ.

The harmful use of animals in experiments is not only cruel and inhumane but also often ineffective. Animals do not get many of the human diseases that people do, such as major types of heart disease, many types of cancer, HIV, Parkinson’s disease, or schizophrenia. There have been past occasions where drugs passed on animals weren’t even safe. There is no excuse for animal testing in today’s techy world, there are now many alternatives for animal testing that would put an end to the pain and suffering endured by these innocent animals during human testing.

Animal testing, also known as animal research or experimentation refers to the use of non-human animals to conduct experiments which seek to control certain variables that have the potential to impact the biological systems or behaviors under study. The most commonly used animals are usually mice, cats, rats, dogs and primates. More than 20 million animals are usually subjected to food, drugs, chemical and cosmetic testing each year in the United States alone (Sharma et al, p.1). These animals usually suffer and die in the cruelest of ways despite the fact that there exist more modern non-animal tests which have been found out to save time, money and with more educational value. This essay explains why animal testing is bad and provides

According to Dr. Weiss, "research done from using an animal is just as effective as using a computer" (Wuensch n.p). There are many humane, cheaper, and more reliable alternatives (Patidar 79). Alternatives include epidemiological studies, clinical research, computer based techniques, human cell and tissue cultures, stem-cell methods, advanced imaging methods, and safe human-based studies (Patidar 79). These methods can replace animal testing and save animals around the world. In the near future, 3D printing technology is going to have major contributions when dealing with animal testing (Patidar 79). Many different animals have gone through various trial and error for no reason. The American Welfare Act is not amended to include rats, mice, and birds; If they did it would be a major step to begin humane treatment in these labs (Latham 37). Every single animal should have the exact same treatment no matter what breed. The fact that more humane, cheaper and more reliable alternatives exist, there should be no debate on what should be used (Patidar 79). Animal suffering is unnecessary, and too many animals are being used than

Every year, over a hundred million animals are burned, poisoned, and abused in laboratories for medical, drug, food, and cosmetic purposes. Animal testing is the use of living animals in experiments for research. Therefore, it is cruel and inhumane to use animals for such a purpose. Scientists conclude we are similar to animals, as chimpanzees share approximately ninety-nine percent of human DNA, but drug tests given to animals does not necessarily have the same outcomes on people. The Animal Welfare Act(AWA) regulates the treatment of animals in research, but many laboratory animals are excluded from the protections. As technology increases, an alternative testing methods now exists that can replace animals. Many people believe we aren’t superior

It is estimated that each year over 100 million animals in the United States are used for animal testing (ProCon.org, 2017). This is unlikely an underestimate as it is impossible to receive a correct count worldwide. Thousands of animals are to be euthanized from the complications they endure from testing. Animals are used to test scientific developments and commercial products. New medical and non-medical experiments are tested on animals to verify the harmfulness of new medications or the safety of a product that will be used on humans. Although the importance of animal testing brings more medical advancement over the years using fewer humans in experiments, it is still an expensive way of researching inaccurate results and at the same time, it is a practice of animal cruelty.

Despite the constant lack of accurate results, animal testing is still prevalent in laboratories today. A 2004 study from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration found that 92 percent of drugs entering clinical trials following animal testing fail to be approved; however, nearly 115 million animals are still being used in experiments worldwide (Akhtar). Clearly, the millions of dollars spent on research and development have proven to be a waste if animals are used as substitutes for the human body. Even the chimpanzee, who shares up to 98 percent of their genes with humans, were concluded as not

“Over 100 million animals are burned, crippled, poisoned, and abused in US labs every year” (11 Facts). Animal testing is a very flawed creation in today’s world. This innovation has caused much harm to many animals while also hurting the opinions of animal activists around the world. Animal testing is also known as the use of animals in experiments and development projects usually to determine toxicity, dosing and efficacy of test drugs before proceeding to human clinical trials (Biology Online). The use of animal testing has been around for throughout all of history, it also carries its disadvantages as they diminish the lives of many animals along with their unspoken opinion while also having some advantages, and lastly this notion is very expensive (Scutti).

Animal Testing has been a huge controversy in the past years. Some believe that testing is necessary in reaching medical breakthroughs to find cures for a majority of diseases. Unfortunately, animal testing leads to the suffering and death of millions of animals, and that's why most are against it. Many wonder, “How similar are our genes to an animal?” Luckily, not all products used today are tested on animals. Which comes to show that there are ways to avoid using animals for biomedical research and research for everyday products.

Animal testing has helped us for years discover cures for sickness in humans and sometimes even animals. But as long as they test the animals humanely, animals can be tortured with pain from the testing. However many efforts are being made to reduce the testing to a minimum. Scientists know that without the tests they wouldn’t know how to check the safety of new drugs.

Although animals are so different from humans that the results are often useless (Animal testing,Newsela) ,The products being tested on animals are good for us and for our health. One study found that it is only reliable 70 percent of the time(one benefit of using organ on a chip technology,Newsela). This shows that harming animals for the use of people won’t necessarily work all the time. This is important because animals were not made to be used in labs,they were made to be pets or be free in the wild.

Imagine yourself in a world with no animals – no birds chirping in the morning, no squirrels eating your flowers, no dogs or cats running around the house. Where did all of the animals go? They are all locked inside of cages in poor conditions in laboratories across the country. They wait in loneliness and terror to be called upon for testing. The conditions they wait in are enough to make them go insane. More than one hundred million animals die every year from animal testing. The Animal Welfare Act does not provide protection for ninety-nine percent of the animals used. The use of animals for the testing of products is a popular debate that has gained a lot of attention over the years. Scientists argue that testing products on animals is

With animal testing failing new alternatives have come about. A new method called Vitro has ben invented as an alternative to using animals. This new method uses human cells and tissues, which is as close as you can get to an actual person. Currently the PETA foundation funds these new methods. Harvard’s Wyss Institute has also created “organs-on-chips.” These chips contain human cells, which are grown in “state-of-the-art system to mimic the structure and function of human organs and organ systems” (Peta). These are one of many new advances in technology that help find new ways of testing without harming millions of