Organic Semiconductors Abstract

Semiconductors allow the flow of both ions and electrons through the sample but not completely free; and its

Organic compounds are compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms. In the 1800s, people called compounds that were created by organisms “organic” believing they were different from the compounds in non living things. Even though there is a better understanding of the topic now, the term still stands. Some examples of organic compounds are: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Living things use carbohydrates as their main source of energy. Plants, some animals, and other organisms also use carbohydrates for structural purposes. The breakdown of sugars, such as glucose, supplies immediate energy for cell activities. Many organisms store extra sugar as complex carbohydrates known as starches. Starch is only found on plants.

PPV, otherwise known as polyphenylene vinylene are electric conductors that processed into tiny films which emit a bright fluorescent yellow light which could potentially be a replacement for LEDS in electronics. PPV is prepared from p-xylene-bis and the addition of acetonitrile-tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate and from there, the product is treated with heat to eliminate diethyl sulfide, HCL, and ethyl sulfide to form the final product, PPV. Similarly, another method, called direct chemical polymerization, formed PPV but it was only in the form of powder which could not be turned into tiny films for commercial use. In lab, we learned that PPV precursor can be synthesized in a one step reaction from p-xylene using NBs. In the reaction with

Purpose: Make a new type of solar cell that, in theory, could be used in solar panels. This new solar is more environmentally friendly and safer to use.

Depending on the material used in the doping, a positive semiconductor (p-type) or a negative semiconductor (n-type) can be made. These types are charged positively or negatively, and this property can be used in computers. A semiconductor made up of a sandwiched n-type layer between two p-type layers forms two p to n interfaces, called p-n junctions, and these junctions allow semiconductors known as transistors to act like electrical switches. This property is just what computers needed, and has been the reason behind the amazing leap in technical capabilities we have seen in the past few decades in computers (Trefil, p. 243-50).

Polylactic acid polymers (PLA) appear to be a very promising material for use as a

It was also due to the increase in the polarizability of the organic cage which strengthens the framework through van der Waals and charge-quadrupole interaction with the gas molecule [75]. Yang and coworkers [76] also synthesized the Li-doped HKUST-1/MWCNT composite through a post-synthesis route by doping the Li cations into the parent HKUST-1 MOF/CNTs. The gas uptake per effective specific surface area of doped material increased ca. 305% for CO2 compared to the unmodified HKUST-1 at 298 K and 18 bar. Alternatively to MOFs, a similar situation has been observed when Lan et al. [76] demonstrated the effect of doped metals (Li, Na, K, Be, Mg, Ca, Sc and Ti) into the COFs for CO2 adsorption and the result shows that Li+ a secondary atom is

The possibilities of employing a nanoscale metal topography that will employ surface plasmon excitation phenomena towards improving the light absorption efficiency of organic solar cells will be investigated. This goal is achievable by analytically designing and producing optically active nanostructures which are used to excite surface plasmons at the wavelengths range dictated by the sun in order to support the confinement of light beyond the diffraction limit, thus leading to high weighted enhancements over a wider range of the solar spectrum. This can be achieved by employing nanostructured materials with unique properties tailored for the materials characteristics of II-VI nanorod systems across the solar spectrum capable of creating significant enhancements while preventing unwanted thermal losses. Also external quantum efficiency measurements on the nanostructured cells will be made, this is expected to demonstrate a substantial photon absorption enhancement across the solar spectrum. Finally, key insights into light absorption and trapping mechanisms in these plasmon enhanced cells through a combination of three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulations, optical absorption, and external quantum efficiency measurements will be obtained

It is well known that nanometer-sized coordination polymers can be manufactured from diverse organic bridging ligands and metal ions, therefore, can be used to made different materials with exceptional characteristics and composition (Chen et al. 228; Schoemer et

The demand for low cost electronics drove intensive research in Organic Field Effect Transistors (OFETs) to replace or complement standard, amorphous Si based TFTs. OFETs can introduce new capabilities like flexibility and simplicity of large area fabrication; however, organic transistors fall short in other performance parameters. It is known that organic materials have low mobility and are often not compatible with standard lithographic processes developed for Si transistors, (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) 1,2 (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) resulting in low currents and switching frequencies. These drawbacks triggered research in Vertical Organic Field Effect Transistor architectures, which can be favorable for

One conducting polymer used in OLEDs is polyaniline. Emissive layer - This layer is made of organic plastic molecules (different ones from the conducting layer) that transport electrons from the cathode; this is where light is made. One polymer used in the emissive layer is polyfluorene. Cathode - The cathode injects electrons when current flows through the device.

In order to analysis of the selectivity of the PIN/CdS nanocomposites various aromatic compound such as nitro methane, aniline, benzoic acid have been used and compared with the PA. Quenching is observed even at very low concentration of PA (10 mM).

compared to simple ZnO nanoparticle mesoporous films. To the best of our knowledge, the highest η (7.5%) was reported by hierarchical assembled ZnO nanocrystallites, which offer large specific surface area for dye loading while poly-dispersed aggregates act as efficient light scatters, enhancing the probability of photon absorption (Pandey, et al. 2017, Zhang Q et al. 2008, Petra J et al. 2003, Memarian N et al. 2011). Another strategy to boost η in ZnO DSSCs is the application of a ZnO buffer layer (BL) in between the FTO and the ZnO active layer, to inhibit the electron back reaction from the FTO to electrolyte and to enhance the chemical capacitance during the transport and collection processes (Gurpreet, et al. 2016). Various methods

Polyethylene terephthalate fibers (PET-Fs) were coated with microporous organic networks (MONs) by the Sonogashra coupling of tetra(4-ethynylphenyl)methane with 1,4-diiodobenzene. Ni was deposited on the resulting PET-F@MON via electroless deposition. Interestingly, while Ni on the PET-Fs showed a sharp decrease in conductivity in repeated bending test, the PET-F@MON@Ni showed excellent retention of conductivity. We suggest that thin MON layers play roles of an efficient binder for Ni attachment to the fibers and a structural buffer for the relaxation of bending strain. The positive effect of MON was supported by the scanning electron microscopy studies of the PET-F@Ni or PET-F@MON@Ni retrieved after 2000 bending numbers. While Ni on the

Semi-organic nonlinear optical materials are receiving a great deal of attention, as they have large optical susceptibilities, inherent ultra fast response times and high optical thresholds for laser power compared with inorganic materials. In the present investigation, a systematic study has been carried out on the growth of pure and doped Tetrafluoro Phthalate crystals. The lattice parameters find through Powder X-ray diffraction analysis for the grown pure and doped crystals. The functional groups, stretching are found through FT-IR analysis, optical, absorption studies through UV-Vis analysis, Thermal studies under TG/DTA analysis, through Vickers test and LCR metre the microhardness and dielectric studies were also carried out for