Organic Dyes Lab Report

Atoms are the basic units of matter and all life is based on them. Life on earth is based on the element carbon. It is a highly versatile atom able to form four covalent bonds with itself or other atoms such as hydrogen and water. Atoms combine to form molecules and those that are carbon based are referred to as organic molecules. Organic molecules occur in four different types in living cells; carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. They are also known as hydrocarbons due to the presence of both hydrogen and carbon. Carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio 1:2:1. They are important sources of energy and are classified in three main groups; monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.

The purpose of this lab investigation is to make 1 L of Pirate Purple dye solution. The claim states that the use of the concentration and absorbance of the Blue 1 dye and Red 3 dye will lead to the concentrations of the red and blue dye to yield 1 L of Pirate Purple dye. In order to understand molarity or concentration, familiarity with the terms of solute, solvent, and solution are very important. A Solute is a substance that is being dissolved by a solvent. A solvent is a substance that is dissolving the solute. Solution is a solute of a homogenous mixture that is dissolved in a solvent. With that being said, molarity is the moles of a solute divided by the liters of a solution (mol/L). In accordance to concentration, absorbance is used

Procedure: In this experiment, various chemicals were mixed together, to determine a reaction. Using two drops from chemical 1 and two drops of chemical two, unless otherwise stated, then recording the type of physical reaction or color changes that occurred.

After 7 trials of chromatography in a 2% isopropyl alcohol solution, blue dye #5 had an average rate of flow of .948. Red dye #40 had an average rate of flow of .781, and yellow dye #1 had an average rate of flow of .884. After 7 trials of chromatography in a 2% sodium chloride solution, blue dye #5 had an average rate of flow of .743. Red dye #40 had an average rate of flow of .20, and yellow dye #1 had an average rate of flow of .387.

Catechol oxidase is an enzyme that speeds up the oxidation reaction when catechol is exposed to oxygen. When the reaction occurs, benzoquinone is produced turning the oxidized substance brown. It was hypothesized that the higher the concentration of catechol oxidase, the browner the substance will turn, and the faster it will achieve the color. In the present lab, different concentrations of catechol oxidase were mixed with pure catechol and the rate at which each solution browned was measured using a colorimeter. The

In the beginning of this experiment, our TA added water, salt, and 75/25 hexane/acetone to spinach leaves to a blender and blended the mixture to assume equal amounts for each group and to avoid erros if each student had to do the blending. The addition of the water to the mixture allowed the it to separate into a distinct organic layer after being run in a centrifuge, which was available to be collected at the top of the centrifuge. Salt reduces solubility, which will force the organic parts of the mixture (the desired pigments for example) to separate into the organic layer at the top. Lastly, 75/25 hexane/acetone is added because this is a moderately polar solvent and will useful for both the non-polar and polar pigments present within the spinach leaves. A mixed solution of hexanes and acetone must be used because acetone is very polar, while hexane in very non-polar, and the spinach leaves contain both non-polar and polar pigments in them that are important in the extraction and for further analysis. The mixture was placed in the centrifuge so the solids in the mixture (mostly cellulose) could be separated from the liquids into separate distinct layers for further extraction and testing. In the tube, the organic substances separated into the top layer, whereas the water layer remains at the bottom of the tube below the solid layer made up of mainly cellulose.

Figure 2: Dye percents versus absorbance in a control, 10%, 20%, and 30% azide solutions.

In the Dyes and Crimes laboratory experiment, the phosphorescence, fluorescence, and chemiluminescence properties i.e. traits of several chemicals were examined using (UV) Ultraviolet lamp. Observations on color, intensity, duration of glow, etc. were analyzed to determine the traits of the several chemicals. Correspondingly, the author of the unsigned note was determined through ink extraction, (TLC) Thin Layer Chromatography, (UV-Vis) Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy along with the Rf values for of each individual sample of ink compared to the unknown: the ink of the author on the unsigned note. Phosphorescence substances

The Uptake of Neutral red dye by saccharomyces cerevisiae in the presence of a metabolic inhibitor

3. Now you need to extract the dye from the solution onto the strips of yarn. To do this, place one piece of yarn into each test tube of colored solution. Heat the tubes in a boiling water bath for 8-10 minutes. You can remove the tubes from the water when the solution is milky-white and the yarn is the color of the dye, in other words, when all of the dye has been extracted from the solution.

In this paper, an artificial food dye will be made to mimic the color of Full Throttle. To determine what food dye are needed, Full Throttle will be put through a spectrometer to determine what wavelengths are absorbed. Specific wavelengths absorbed will correspond to specific colors absorbed. It was determined that yellow 5 and yellow 6 will be used to make our artificial food dye to mimic Full Throttle. Using Beer’s Law, it was determined that a concentration of 0.0000236 moles of Yellow 5 and a concentration of 0.0001494 moles of yellow 6. Using our line of best fit from the absorption graphs, it was determined

The predictions that were made prior to the experiment being ran about the concentration of pigments in Drosophila were similar to the observed concentration of pigments. Once four fly heads of each pigment were crushed onto filter paper, chromatography was ran. After six hours of the chromatography being run, they were removed from the solvent and dried. Once the filter paper was dry, it was placed under a UV light for a better observation of the pigments present in the eyes of the fly. What was found in the white was much less than in the wild type due to the fact that in the white eyed fly, both enzymes that start the pigment production (the pteridine pathway and the ommochrome pathway) are blocked or changed so no pigments can be produced.

Dispense .5 mL water into the already weighed conical vial, replace cap and face insert on its down side.

In the first week of our experiments we started to collect data from the different color dyes. This data included the absorbances and wavelengths of the different FD&C dyes. Initially we measured each dyes absorbance, with no dilutions for base line data. Afterwards we did simple dilutions with water, specifically a 1:1 then 1:3 ratio, this showed the trend of absorbance and concentration between each. Once we tested the different dyes from the FD&C we tested the beverage color we were given without any dilutions.

From the Figure 4.15 and Figure 4.16 it can be seen that there was decrease in color removal from pH9 to pH10 with the maximum color removal efficiency of 83.43% for cationic dye and 71.68% for anionic dye solution. However the trend of increase in color removal with the increase in WTR dose was also observed.