Organic Molecules Lab Report

1. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen make up carbohydrates. Small carbs contain twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms; simple sugars, called monosaccharides, are the basic building blocks for

All living things contain some form of organic macromolecules including: Lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids. All of these organic molecules are alike in the sense that is they are made up of bonded elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and to smaller quantities nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. The macromolecules each contain large long chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms and often consists of repeating smaller molecules bonded together in a repeating pattern (polymers). To test whether a specific solid white substance is a protein is simple due to the unique chains found in the respective type of macromolecule. To test if the substance is a carbohydrate, two tests could be performed on separate samples of the object. First,

Abstract: One mixture of two unknown liquid compounds and one mixture of two unknown solid compounds were separated, isolated, purified, and characterized by boiling point. Two liquid unknowns were separated, isolated, and purified via simple distillation. Then, the process of an acid-base extraction and washing were used to separate two unknown compounds into two crude compounds: an organic acid and a neutral organic compound. Each crude compound was purified by recrystallization, resulting in a carboxylic acid (RCO2H) and a pure organic compound (RZ). The resulting mass of the pure carboxylic acid was 1.688g with a percent recovery of 31.80%, the boiling range was 244-245 °C, and its density was 2.0879g/mL. The resulting mass of the pure organic solid was 2.4902g with a percent recovery of 46.91%, the boiling range was 52.0-53.4°C, and its density was 1.5956 g/mL.

Purpose: To use indicators to test for the presence of organic compounds in certain substances.

The chemistry of life is Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon and Nitrogen combined in the right way. Combination of just the right ingredients and just the right amount. These fundamental ingredient of life. Carbon is the main ingredient. Carbon is everywhere. Carbon is very flexible and can be combined with many other. Amino acids used energy and became peptides, and which can link together to form proteins. From non-living to living

Then, nucleic acids are made up of nucleotides and has the ability to make new cells. Finally, Lipids. Lipids are made up of glycerol and fatty acids. Lipids play a big role in the body, it provides cushion and insulation for the larger organisms in our bodies. All of these macromolecules and monomers are needed to make energy.

A polysaccharide is when a numerous amounts of monosaccharides are joined together forming a molecule. Both glycogen and starch are polysaccharides. Glycogen is a energy storage carbohydrate found in animals. Glycogen in comparison to starch is much more highly branched. Starch is a polysaccharide that functions as a energy carbohydrate store in plants. This can be found mostly in potatoes and cereals. It is formed by the bonding together of many of glucose subunits into long chains. The actions of hydrolysis is the chemical breakdown of a compound due to the reaction of water. In order for hydrolysis to occur water must be added to the compound

This section will dealt with the main organic molecules in living things: carbohydrates, fats ( lipids ), proteins and nucleic acids.

Experiment 3 - Chromatography – Analyzing Analgesics by TLC and Isolation of β–Carotene by Column Chromatography

Dispense .5 mL water into the already weighed conical vial, replace cap and face insert on its down side.

They’re extremely important for the body, it provides extra needed energy for the muscles and liver. They are broken down by the body, so it can sustain body process. The ratio for these atoms are 1:2:1. The simplest form of carbohydrates are monosaccharides which are made up of 3 to 6 carbon molecules. Glucose which is the most important monosaccharides is the body preferred energy resource. One’s digestive system changes carbohydrates into glucose. Which is then used for energy in the cells, organs and tissue. Disaccharides such as sucrose and maltose are formed when monosaccharides are linked together using glycoside bond. Finally the largest and most complex carbohydrate are polysaccharides that is often used for energy storage. Examples would be, starch which are used in plants, cellulose in lands, glycogen in animals and chitin

Did you know that atoms are in that soda you are drinking? Or that there are molecules in the brocoli you always feed to your dog secretly under the dining room table? Atoms and molecules make up our life. To start off, atoms refers to the smallest part of an element that is still an element. Nextly, molecules refers to two or more atoms joined together acting as a unit. In total, there are four major atoms and four major molecules when dealing with the atoms and molecules of life. Wondering what the 4 major atoms are? They are Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen (CHON) that each major molecule has, but in different variations.

Carbohydrates contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and are hydrated due to the 2;1 ratio of hydrogen and water. Carbohydrates have 3 groups; monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides (see figure 7) Monosaccharides are simple sugars that made up of 1 sugar unit and include glucose, fructose, galactose which are substrates for respiration. When 2 monosaccharides gain a glycosidic bond to attach to another they become disaccharides. On the reverse, when they are broken down from 2 to 1, a condensation reaction and this is called hydrolysis. Adding one monosaccharide after another to the chain, it polysaccharides; this is called condensation polymerisation and the monosaccharides are then referred to as monomers. The properties of a polysaccharide molecule depend on the length and any folding which results in a more compact molecule.

Organic compounds are, by definition, any chemical compound containing carbon. These compounds include carbohydrates, polysaccharides, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Each one of these compounds has a different purpose. Carbohydrates give energy to cells when consumed. Lipids are basically the fats of a cell. Proteins are the building blocks of muscle in a cell. Nucleic acids are used to transfer genetic information from one cell to the other.

1) Monosacchrides: Mono means single and saccharides refer to sugar. These are the simple form of carbohydrates that consists carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of 1:2:1 (Ahmed 2014).