Unit 3: Organisations and Behaviour
Assignment 1
An organisation is defined as a clearly bounded group (or groups) of people interacting together to achieve a particular goal in a formally structured and co-coordinated way.
A hierarchy organisation is when employees are ranked at various levels within the organisation, each level is one above the other. A tall hierarchical organisation has many levels and a flat hierarchical organisation will only have a few.
Flat Hierarchy
http://limkokwingmba.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/hierarchies.jpg
Flat hierarchies were introduced to cut costs as fewer people are now being employed as managers or supervisors. This then leaves current staff with greater responsibility as their span
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This then allows staff to specialise in their specific area.
Clover Leaf Structure
This structure provides a “more radical design within a system approach to the entire organisation”. Management is at the centre of the leaf and participates in all 4 major organisational systems co-ordinating the work of each of these systems as well as determining organisational objectives.
The four structures I have decided to compare and contrast are; ▪ Simple line ▪ Functional ▪ Matrix ▪ Clover Leaf
A simple line structure is connected by solid, vertical lines connecting staff to display direct line relationships. Senior staff in this structure are referred to as line managers. This type of structure would operate best for a small business employing a small number of employees, meaning staff are directly responsible to the person immediately above them. This differs to the functional structure as it works best in a large business employing specially trained staff in a particular area i.e., Marketing, Research and Development and allows employees to use their skills to their full potential. Also each member belonging to a particular part of the functional area responds to the Head of their Department, who then responds to the Board of Directors, whereas in the simple line structure communication is direct. Simple line structure is much more ‘simple’ in terms of layout, communication and approach.
The second structure which I will compare is a Matrix
The hierarchical organization structure is pyramid-shaped. At the top of the structure is a single person, who has a small number of people reporting directly to them. Each of these people has several people reporting into them and the number of people at each level increases as you move down the structure.
A Hierarchical structure is a term used to organise a business into different categories of employees that contain multiple types of groups, which would be typically in a chain of commands that is usually in a pyramid that contains a large number of employees, so the lower part of the pyramid having the responsibility of a small role, meanwhile the upper part of the pyramid consists of roles that carry a big responsibility. However, there is one rank that is one
This image shows the base level to be the workers which has the lowest ranking but is the largest amount then moves onto a higher level in the hierarchical structure which is the assistant managers. Span of control is who the managers is directly responsible for the number of subordinates (workers). The second level is a smaller amount than the base level meaning more authority such as being in control of the subordinates which the span of control for the assistant managers is four, two, two, and three. The highest level in the hierarchical structure at the Tesco PLC store is the chief executive. This level has the most authority and is in control of the three managers.
Linear is one of the formal types of organisational structure. It is a basic arrangement, where the position of superiority (those higher up) and inferiority (those who are less important/less power) are arrange vertically. For example, each superior person will have assigned subordinates and each subordinate has a superior, for example a worker will have a supervisor, the supervisor may have a manager, and the manager may have a director, each to report/ help each other.
Our organisation structure is tall, this is because we have many different levels of employees all reporting upwards to team leaders and then up to operational management. It has a wide chain of command with a narrow span of control. The chain of command refers to the number of levels within our organisation. The span of control is the number of employees who are directly supervised by one person.
Hierarchy is what creates an order in society, without it there would be little to no rules set in place that people followed. People who have hierarchy are advised to
Organizational behavior is the study on how organizational structures affect behavior of its employees within the organization. Organizational systems is the structure that an organizations uses to organize its functions and assign responsibility to its employees. Organizational behavior in any criminal justice organization is how the superiors and the employees relate
We can see hierarchy in the setting of the workplace. At the top of the ladder and most respected are the
Hierarchy in an organization is seen as reflecting inherent inequalities, centralization is popular, subordinates expect to be told what to do and the ideal boss is a benevolent autocrat.
Organisations must organise a structure so that their objectives can be achieved. A company will have different departments and procedures with each one having a special function. All of these organised departments and procedures are linked so the company can run efficiently. For many organisation this can be very complex has they will have offices in international countries around the world.
According to Miles et al. (1978, p. 547), an organization is both its purpose and the mechanism constructed to achieve the purpose. It means that the concept of organization is embracing both goals and all the elements that represent unique combination. Miles et al. (1978, p. 553) draws the conclusion that structure and the processes taking place inside the organization are closely aligned; it is hard to speak about one without mentioning the other. It is important to understand the conclusion drawn by Miles et al. (1978). It illustrates how the
Effective organizational structures define how job tasks are subdivided, grouped, coordinated, and managed. Six key components of organizational structures include division of labor, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control, centralization, and formalization (Remme, Jones, Van der Heijden, & De Bono, 2008, p. 79). Each element influence how employees interact with each other to reach organizational goals. Different structures are common in similar organizations among high performing organizations (Reimann, 1974, p. 707). The most appropriate structure will depend on the unique needs and culture of the organization.
The major problem every company encounters is the structure or hierarchy of the organization. Usually, it is in the form of a pyramid and gets narrower as it rises resulting in the few people on the top of the pyramid gets more advantages in the company. But the lower level employees are not given that importance when it comes to the utilization of the benefits provided by the company.
Structure and hierarchy come from how work and the work processes are coordinated together and relating how tasks and coordination of these tasks is to be obtained. When determining the authority in the structure of an organization, there are two major options, centralized and decentralized. A centralized organizational setup is where the authority to make important decisions is retained by managers at the top of the created hierarchy whereas a decentralized organizational setup is where the authority to make important decisions about organizational resources and to initiate new projects is delegated to managers at all levels in the hierarchy. Each choice is made based upon the main goal/task of the organization and what would better fit the organization. Whether work/the
This is an example of tall hierarchy structure as there is many levels of hierarchy from top to lower level executives