Organizational Design Perspectives Paper

Alternative structures such as grouping by output/product or grouping by market are not options as they would result in “duplication of activities and resources, the erosion of deep technical expertise, missed opportunities for synergies and learning” (Ancona, Kochan, Scully, Van Maanen, & Westney, 2009, p. M2-19). The matrix structure provided a potential positive aspect in that it would provide a needed cross-functional linking mechanism by mixing the functional structure with grouping by output/product, but the complexity, cost, dual systems, and dual roles resulting from the matrix structure historically resulted in either the functional or the output/product system becoming more powerful than the other.

Open systems perspective also suggests that organization's efficiency is equally important to it's success. An organization is efficient when it produces more outputs with less then normally required inputs, and when it's internal subsystems have good coordination among them. But this is difficult in reality. Because there are some negative elements in subsystems such as miscommunication and hostilities, which undermine efficiency of organization. These elements cannot be eliminated as subsystems of an organization are also open systems and organization gets affected by them also. (McShane & Steen, 2012, p.6)

The structure and design of organizations have drastically changed over the last twenty-five years. Organizations develop new goals at the beginning of the year or after the completion of previous goals, and heavily depend on planning to help achieve these goals. Planning is an integral part of organizational success, as upper management receives substantial information on various needs such as risk uncertainty, available resources, employee development, and unforeseen changes in technology (Daft, 2013). Most importantly, successful planning allows management to make effective decisions when unforeseen events arise within the organization. Not participating in planning is equivalent to taking a road trip across the country without a

A firm’s operation function entails getting activities and things done such as the production of goods and customer services. After considering services and products demanded by buyers, the organization’s weaknesses and strengths, and the weaknesses and strengths of the competitors, proficient corporations should formulate their vision and express it in the mission statements. Lenscrafters has a mission statement that outlines their strengths and future projections. In the mission statement, the enterprise identifies that it aims to maintain the loyalty of its customers, design quality eyewear, deliver value to the buyers’ requirements, and motivate the personnel to institute the globe’s best job environment (Lenscrafters Case Study, 2015).

The seven organizational approaches to studying the human body include: body plans and directions, body cavities, quadrants and regions, anatomy and physiology, microscopic-to-macroscopic, body systems, and medical specialty. The body planes and directions approach is the division of the body into sections from front to back, right and left, top and bottom, along with the movement toward or away from the body planes. The Coronal Plane or frontal plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into front and back sections. The front of the body is known as the anterior or ventral section and the back of the body is

However, they tend to have a focus on certain organizational aspects making the modern organization system be a blend of the three major perspectives. Based on organizational science that was formulated in the early 20th century there has been an emergence of rational, open and natural system theorists that explain the functioning of the organizations.

Daft, R. L. (2013). Introduction to Organizations. In S. Person (Ed.), Organizational Theory & Design (11 ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Daft, Richard L. Organizational Theory and Design: 12th edition. South-Western College Publisher. 24 April 2015

In the rational model, the first step is defining the goals. When we need to make a decision, we have to know the problem. Only defining the problem could focus on the solution. The next step we need is identifying the solution. We should think of the situation and possible solution. The third step is evaluating the solutions. The leader considers the advantages and disadvantages of possible solutions. In addition, the benefits and costs are leveled. The leader will have the most favorable decision. The last step is to implement the solution. If the solution doesn’t work, the leader could begin this model again and improve the solution until the problem is

According to Miles et al. (1978, p. 547), an organization is both its purpose and the mechanism constructed to achieve the purpose. It means that the concept of organization is embracing both goals and all the elements that represent unique combination. Miles et al. (1978, p. 553) draws the conclusion that structure and the processes taking place inside the organization are closely aligned; it is hard to speak about one without mentioning the other. It is important to understand the conclusion drawn by Miles et al. (1978). It illustrates how the

If we go back to the first half of the twenty first century, organization theory was dominated by classicists who viewed organizations as rational systems and valued efficient operations above all. They promoted the idea that management is a process of planning, organization, command, coordination n, and control and that design of an organization should be like that of a machine. This concept spawned the modern bureaucracy. (Morgan, 1997a)

The concept of ‘rationality’ has been talked through the centuries. According to Grey (2013), rationality is a big question because of this proposition which has the meaning and difficulties seem to be defining of a whole set of issues which have resonated through both organisation theory and practice ever since. And rationality is the basis of a decision, rational decision makers are objective and logical, they reach the goal that maximises the value. Not only rationality is important to organisations, and also it can be identified in various kinds of management theories. This essay will introduce the different aspects of the concept of ‘rationality’ and make explanations that how these are recognised in different management theories.

Organization is a skill that comes very naturally to some. Things must be organized in order for me to perform well at work and at home. It is a waste of time and energy searching for something when you need it. There are times that nothing seems to be where it belongs and I feel like the house is in such a mess that it will just be easier to go to the store and replace the item that I am searching for. The problem in my life is with organization and clutter.

The difficulties that were accompanied with this approach led to deviation from the rational model. Complexity of modern organizations and the limited cognitive ability of decision makers were most influencing factors in the deviation . The decision makers were unable to operate under perfect rationality conditions. The information about a decision was mostly unavailable or unclear, and open to different interpretations. Also, the criteria of evaluating alternative solutions were not agreed upon. It also required very long time and a lot of energy of the decision makers to pursue a maximizing outcome. These constrains led to a conclusion that the absolute rational model is unreachable.

Organizational design can provide quicker decision-making as some models help accelerate information flow and streamline decision-making. It can also provide personal growth by creating opportunities for people to take on different and challenging roles within the same organization. Any work process in the organization can be in scope for organizational design.