Organizational Systems Theory And The Macro System

In society, there are groups that interact with each other. They may be families, churches, government agencies, or anything in between. Those groups can be defined as systems, and in the systems perspective that is what they are referred to (Hutchison, 2017). In the 1960s, Ludwig von Bertalanffy developed the general systems theory in relation to biology, but it was widely publicized and used for various subjects (Hutchison, 2017). Hutchison (2017) summarized Bertalanffy’s theory by saying, “any element is best understood by considering its interactions with its constituent parts as well as its interactions with larger systems of which it is a part.” (p.

A system is a set of interrelated parts. Systems theory assumes that a system must be understood as a whole, rather than in component parts. It is a way of looking at the world where all the objects are interrelated with one another. Many family systems are addressed in the movie Little Miss Sunshine.

A system is “A set of interrelated and interdependent parts arranged in a manner that produces a unified whole” (robbins 2006), and Systems theory is the

“..the System includes the Situation, but it is more enduring, more widespread, involving extensive networks of people, their expectations, norms, policies, and, perhaps, laws. Over time, Systems come to have a historical foundation and sometimes also a political and economic power structure that governs and directs the behavior of many people within its sphere of influence. Systems are the engines that run situations that create behavioral contexts that influence the human action of those under their control. At some point, the System may become an autonomous entity, independent of those who initially started it or even those in apparent authority within its power structure. Each System

There needs to be a drug policy that shows the drug abusers that there is somebody there trying to help them and that there is somebody who cares for their health and well being. Money can be put towards therapeutic and rehabilitation drug treatments instead of towards putting someone through the system and housing them for who knows how long. Also there can be research that goes into finding or creating more safe drugs that are less addictive and harmful yet still give similar if not the same feeling and effects as the original substance that has the potential to harm. Finally we can make drugs acceptable in society so that drug users don't feel shunned, pushed away, and alone and they'll feel like they can go to someone for help so that they can go and go to someone they can trust. In the end you can't help anybody that doesn't want to be helped so when they are ready to be helped they will find it and will accept the

Social conflicts and struggles are an inevitable part of any society in any country. These struggles can include an increased rate in crime, unemployment, domestic/general violence, and overall civilian depression. When governments cannot seem to find a means to an end, they often turn and look for something to blame for their struggles, and that thing is more often than not, drugs. For many years, several opiates and drugs were primarily used for medicinal purposes, were seen to have an abundance of health benefits and was widely accepted among communities. Although, with the increasing social conflicts and economic conditions, authorities turned to and targeted many different forms of once accepted drugs, and made them the scapegoat for the problems they were facing.

One profound way of combatting drug usage is to continue educating the youth and public on the fatal risks of utilizing drugs. Another aspect that the film did not touch upon is the drug policies and issues in other countries. Most of the world’s narcotic painkiller market is based in the United States, so there could be stronger laws introduced to limit who is able to access these strong pills. Moreover, countries such as Spain, have legalized most drugs, and have since seen a decrease in the usage of these drugs. These measures could be applied in the United States, and the black market where profit is made on these drugs would dissipate. Furthermore, these substances could be highly taxed like cigarettes, and made limited so that they become less accessible to the public. While recovery is a lifelong process for those already addicted, America can save the lives of tomorrow by getting the drugs out of the hands of first time

Nursing-sensitive indicators are important in all aspects of patient care. A great deal of bedside care is given by nurses. Nursing-sensitive indicators are factors that rely directly on the nursing care of the patient. Quality nursing care improves patient care and therefore patient outcomes. Nursing-sensitive quality indicators promote patient safety and quality patient care. Since these quality indicators are reflective primarily on bedside care provided by nursing staff it is important that all nursing staff be aware of these indicators and their role in promoting quality patient care. There are specific indicators that could have been taken into account to promote patient

The General Systems Theory (GST) came about as an effort to describe the systems approach, born from the biological concept of the organism developed in the first part of the 20th century (Von Bertalanffy, 1972). In contrast to the mechanistic systems which are closed and have a direct relationship between a cause and its effect, a biological or social system is open, operating on a principle of equifinality, where regardless of the starting point, the objective can be achieved (Kast & Rosenzweig, 1972). Any system will achieve equilibrium, but an open system can reach a steady state by accessing resources from outside itself (Kast & Rosenzweig, 1972). The underlying assumptions of GST rely on the organization of a company resembling the inner workings of an organism. However, subgroups within organizations can act independently of the the whole, in

First drug prohibition has cause harm to the entire country because of the escalating crime rate. Drug addicts will rob, kill and even prostitute themselves to obtain the illegal drugs they are addicted to. “Prohibition drives markets underground, thereby generation violence and corruption. Participants in black markets cannot resolve their disputes with courts and lawyers, so they resort to violence instead.”(Miron). If drug legalization takes places it this country will be a safer place.

The use of drugs has been an issue for decades, but in 2001 Portugal decided to take the lead and decriminalize the use of drugs. By doing so they have been able thus far to drop down the drug overdose rate, prevent the spread of drug related diseases and have been able to steer the money more to helping people with treatments rather than incarcerations. It is now treated as a health issue rather than a criminal one. Although drugs are still illegal in Portugal if caught with them you are offered treatment rather than incarceration because it’s drugs are now the least common cause of death in Portugal. By decriminalizing all drugs, governments can minimize overdose rates, stop the spread of drug-related diseases like HIV and Hepatitis C, and spend less money by offering drug offenders treatment versus incarceration.

However, the most terryfying thing about all this is average age of drug users. According to NIDA – National Institute on Drug Abuse - teenagers first trie drugs at the age of 13 – 16 and the main reason for that is peer pressure. Presently, it‘s not very easy to get drugs for teenagers, but due to easy availability of drugs , if they would be legalised, they could get it from older friends, who would be able to get drugs legallly. If drugs would be legalised, danger to get addicted to drugs for young individuals would increase and that would be a disaster. Youth is the future of humanity, whereas drugs legalisation would destroy their future even before they start living. Drugs lead world to social and medical catastrophe.

Systems thinking is a method of thinking that looks at the interconnectedness between different elements rather than a linear cause and effect approach and sees patterns of change rather than fixed “snapshots”. In essence it is a view on the “whole picture” (Anderson, R 1994).

General system theory focuses on the interaction or the relationships between components that contribute to the system as a whole.

Drug abuse is a major public health issue that impacts society both directly and indirectly; every person, every community is somehow affected by drug abuse and addiction and this economic burden is not exclusive to those who use substance, it inevitably impacts those who don 't. Drugs impact our society in various ways including but not limited to lost earnings, health care expenditures, costs associated with crime, accidents, and deaths. The use of licit or illicit drugs long term, causes millions of deaths and costs billions for medical care and substance abuse rehabilitation and the effects of drug abuse extend beyond users, spilling over into the society at large, imposing increasing