Origin Of Runes Research Paper

In Ancient times written languages had been some of the tools that they used to communicate. “The designation ‘hieroglyphics’ is a Greek word; the Egyptians referred to their writing as medu-netjer ‘the god’s words’, as they believed writing had been given to them by the great god Thoth” (Mark). The Egyptians believed that hieroglyphics were given to them as a special gifts from their god. Another thing is that they used hieroglyphics to represent their

Norse Mythology’s creation started with a giant named Ymir. He emerged from the ground and grew very large from cow’s milk. In time, the god Buri and his wife appeared and gave birth to Bor and Bor’s son was named Odin. Ymir, was evil, and the gods didn’t like it, so they killed him, making his huge body form the earth. His blood became the sea, his flesh became land, his bones became mountains, his hair became the trees, and his

Scandinavian Paganism, more commonly known as Norse Mythology, was a popular polytheistic religion during the Anglo-Saxon time period. It is believed to have been derived from the culture of Germanic Paganism. According to Norse Mythology, at the center of the universe lies the greatest ash tree, known as Yggdrasil, whose roots and branches spread across the universe connecting each of the nine realms of Aesir, giants, and Niflheim. The world was believed to have been created by the body of Ymir, a giant that was killed and dismembered by the first gods. His flesh created the earth, his bones formed the mountains, and his blood filled the seas.

In Ancient China, they developed a writing system for preservation. In China, people would use logograms, which are symbols that represent a word or a meaning.In the early days of the ancient Chinese civilization, people would write on oracle bone or tortoise shell.In Ancient India, writing systems were developed for recording data and information. The Indus script used signs and words and it was written from right to left. By 1800 BCE, the Indus valley civilizations started to fall and writing were often used anymore. Ancient Egyptians started to developed a writing system called, hieroglyphics because they needed a way to record important information. They believed that recording data and communicate information about government and religion was essential. Scribes were only ones to write in hieroglyphics and were written from left to right or top to bottom. In Mesopotamia, people started developing a writing system to information. Mesopotamia created a writing system called, cuneiform. Mesopotamian scribes would record important dates and event, and position of the stars. These ancient civilizations started to create their own writing system to record history and communicate information.

There are several myths that revolve around Odin and his endless quest for wisdom and how he is able to use that to his advantage (Holland,186). In myth 15 he learns wisdom from a giant named Vafthrudnir, in the story he challenges the giant to a contest by asking each other questions and the wager is their heads. After asking multiple questions to see who is wiser, Odin defeats the giant. In myth 28, Odin goes about reaching ultimate knowledge in a different way. In the myth he raises seeresses from the dead to gain knowledge and even sacrifices himself to win the occult wisdom possessed only by the dead; and came back to life to use that knowledge in the world of living (Holland, 187).

I nodded, turning it over and reading the cover. It was in runes. I flipped it open and parsed the pages. It was all in runes.

To start, the Sumerians invented cuneiform, which began the path to written language in the future. Cuneiform was the first written language. It was invented over 5000 years ago! (Doc. 1). They used a stylus to make imprints for writing. Written on the clay tablets it was used to keep records, document business

Norse mythology has been traced as far as the 2nd century AD and has been studied by the Vikings mostly. These Viking were from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland, Faroe Island, and Greenland. Norse mythology was at one point a religion of which people studied. North religion bases all its stories on the Elder Edda, which creates stories from god's other wise known as the Aesir and gives a standard of how the earth was made, how we should treat others, and stories of lessons we must learn. In this type of mythology it also gives knowledge as to what happens when you die. It says there are two possible places people could go, Helheim, Valhalla. Most people who die go to Helheim but those who die an honorable death are rewarded by going to Valhalla.

It was once reported that there was up to 25,000 Vikings living in Iceland in the mid 900’s. The Norse did not have books, but they did have an alphabet, so they passed on history by stories and poems. Their alphabet was made up runes, are the letters in a set of related alphabets. There are still remains of the runes in some parts of Europe like Iceland and Normandy. It was customary for men to wear long

People during this time believed that the spoken word was to a greater extent more valuable than writing. The Vikings would instead pass their laws, religion, history and customs down by word of the mouth to generation to generation. During the time of the Vikings writing was restricted to the use of runes which you could use bone, wood, metal or stone to carve on. Many of their stories contained of magic, deception, adventure and mischievousness. In the stories they would discuss how people lived in Midgard and about the gods and goddesses who lived in Asgard.

This script dates back to the Middle Bronze Age which would be approximately 2500 BC. They have not ascertained if this was an example of proto-writing (symbols) or if it is actual writing of the syllabic type. It has been suggested this might be a mature style of writing. Historians learned about the early Chinese Shang Dynasty from 1200 BC from the written documents on bones, bronze or turtle shells. A stone slab, with 3,000 BC year old writing, was discovered in the Mexican State of Veracruz. This would be the oldest script in the Western Hemisphere. The Phoenician alphabet is basically the proto-Canaanite alphabet from the Iron Age (1050 BC). The Greeks borrowed the Phoenician alphabet and adapted it to their own language. The tribe known as Latin (Romans) adopted writing from the Etruscans (tribe from Tiras, son of Japheth) and the Western Greeks in the fifth century. The first pure alphabet with single symbols emerged around 1800 BC in ancient Egypt. Semitic workers in Egypt developed this alphabet as a representation of language. Historians make a distinction between prehistory and the history of early writing, but have disagreed if proto-writing is considered true writing. Papyrus (reed) was the principle writing

Although the story behind the Hammer is only a myth it appears the hammer itself is very much real and the discovery of it has solved a long mystery of over 1,000 ancient amulets that have been found across Northern Europe (Discovery News). The links to these amulets and the hammer proves the myth of Thor influenced viking jewelry. Although different the structure of both artifacts show many similarities.From the shape, material, and general aspects this discovery helped answer many questions scholars have been asking for decades.

They were taught pictograph, or ideographic, a type of new write language that contained over 3000 characters. This originated from the markings on the bone done by the shamans when telling fortunes. As writing developed more people migrated from the north and loess region down to the south. The pattern of settlement became less dispersed and more nucleated. Other advancements were made other than the written language such as: bronze art, bronze weapons, decimal system, and a 12 month calendar based on the moon. They also had beliefs and would preform rituals to please their gods.

Odin agrees to work for Baugi in return for the mead of poetry. After Odin completes the work he's done for Baugi all summer he goes to Baugi's brother, Suttung, to get the Mead of Poetry. Suttung didn’t want to give Odin the Mead of Poetry because he knew it was important. Since Odin isn't able to get it he decides to trick Suttung's sister, Gunlod, into giving him it. Finally he has drunken all he desires from the Mead of Poetry and flies back to Asgard as an eagle. Finally he has achieved wisdom and memory, knowledge of runes, and has become an exceptional poet. While an eagle, Odin opened his beak and magic liquid spilled out into the jars of the gods. Odin shared the art of poetry with all gods and humans who were smart enough to use and appreciate it. This myth shows us how when you gain knowledge to share it with the world for people to make good use of it. Also how you may have to go through hardships and lose something to gain something in the

Other signs showing Tolkien's influence in Norse mythology can be noted through the various similarities between Odin and Gandalf. Agreeably they are both known to possess supernatural strengths such as magic and the