Original Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Since our personalities aren’t influenced by one factor The MMPI with some revisions influenced the development of tests and measurements by providing the ability to conduct objective testing across 10 clinical scales which assess 10 major categories of abnormal human behavior, and four validity scales, which assess the person’s general test-taking attitude

Personality, like most core Psychology subjects, is difficult to define. Personality is essentially the science of describing and understanding people. No two people are the same; even identical twins will tell you that they are very different to their identical counterpart. There are some who are anxious and there are those who are risk-takers. There are some who are carefree while there are those who are highly-strung and there are those who are over-confident while some are just plain shy. It is this issue of differences that are fundamental to the study and examination of personality.

In 1962 she published the MBTI strictly for research usage, it categorizes participants into one of 16 personality types (Ham,2016). In the 1970 the test increased in relevance and in 1975

The MMPI-2 is one of the best psychological tests to use because the validity scales are effective in identifying test-takers who may be faking

The client was administered the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory- 2nd Edition-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) as an objective measure of their social-emotional and personality functioning. The scores are based on answers to a large number of true/false questions. Based on Mr. Cintron’s responses, this protocol was invalid and uninterpretable due to inconsistent responding. There was evidence of excessive inconsistency because of fixed true responding to the test item.

There are five major dimensions of personality: extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness. Neuroticism includes anxiety, depression, hostility, impulsiveness, self-consciousness, and vulnerability. Warmth, gregariousness, assertiveness, activity, excitement seeking and positive emotions characterize extraversion. Openness includes openness to fantasy, aesthetics, feelings, actions, ideas and values. The facets of agreeableness include altruism, compliance, modesty, straightforwardness, tender-mindedness, and trust. Conscientiousness includes achievement striving, competence, deliberation, dutifulness, order and self-discipline (Article 3).

The MBTI questionnaire was created by Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers. Their collaborative work to develop this measurement of personality was inspired by to the writings/work of Carl Jung (more specifically his book entitled Psychological Type). This mother and daughter’s shared fascination and interest in type theory led them “to create the MBTI in the early 1940s as a test to be used for personnel selection. Myers believed that different occupations favored different personality orientations, and that Jung’s theory provided a theoretical link between personality and job performance” (Pittenger, 1993). It is important to note that it was Myers “belief” that

If Amtrak and Metrolink want to use personality tests on their employees, the MMPI would be most effective. The positives of this test far outweigh the cons. The test examines everything about a person, from their self-esteem to emotions. It can also identify any signs of disorder in an individual. It is also widely used by many different companies to assess the success a person might have in a high-risk public safety position. The MMPI is widely considered to be the most reliable personality test. It dives much deeper into a person's psyche than any of its counterparts, like the Rorschach Test. The only downside to the MMPI is the amount of time it takes to complete. With 567 true-false questions, it can take a while to complete, but the information

“A clinical mental health counselor administers a personality inventory to narrow down a varied set of symptoms and determine the diagnosis of a particular psychological disorder” (Drummond et al., 2016-pg. 274). The Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) is a popular personality inventory. The MMPI-2 can be finished in 60-90 minutes and may offer an explanation to Jessica as too how her personality may affect her mental health.

MMPI-A detect responses from a respondent that are inconsistent and defensive. MMPI-A can be linked with the biological approach that is characterized by chromosomes and hormone mostly in gender. Primary clinical scales of MMPI-A include depression, social introversion, and Psychopathic Deviate in line with our scenario (Berry, Wetter, Baer, Larsen, & et al, 1992). Mental Status Examination is an assessment done during the first stages of treatment. The examination diagnosis or gather information about a person psychiatric needs. Review of the school record is a systematic way of gathering the school performance information history. The review will assist in the tracing where an individual lost the mark and also the scale of the problem associated. The review of prior medical records is a way of trying to establish whether any health issue can be associated with the case or problem at hand. Interview and observation monitor the behavior of an individual towards stimuli. In a session of the interview, the interviewer listens, internalize and observes the behavior of the client. On the other end, the interviewer creates a condition for the client (stimuli) in which she is supposed to respond to. Thus the interview and observation use the behaviorist approach to obtain the information needed for assessment. Interview and

The Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory 2 (MMPI-2) assessment is an updated version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory to “revise and reword the language of some of the existing items that were dated, awkward or sexist” (Aiken & Groth-Marnat, 2006, p. 407). This assessment is used for a wide range of clinical conditions based on self-report. The MMPI-2 can also be used in nonclinical settings such as to “assess persons who are candidates for high-risk public safety positions and in criminal/civil forensic settings” (www.upress.umn.edu/test-division/mmpi-2). This assessment is concerned with “psychosomatic symptoms, attitudes, emotions, eating disorders, drug abuse, etc.” (Aiken & Groth-Marnat, 2006, pp. 405-407).

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was developed by Starke Hathaway and J. Charnley McKindley in the 1920s (Anastasi & Urbina, 1997). After a period of time, it was decided that the MMPI needed to be revised. The MMPI is now called MMPI-2 and includes revisions such as updated, additions, and the replacement of test items that were outdated, a new way to calculate the T scores for the clinical and content scales, and new content and validity scales (Anastasi & Urbina, 1997; Duckworth, Caldwell, & Graham, 1991).

In order to get to know a person and what kind of disorder they might be facing, different tests are conducted. For psychological disorders, testing patterns in an individual's lasting personality by viewing their emotions, tendencies, and cognitive abilities. One of the most reliable tool for psychological assessments is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory or MMPI. MMPI’s help figure out a particular person personality patterns of disorder patterns. For behavioral testing, the interviewer uses direct observations to conclude a person's thoughts, behaviors, and feeling within reason. This type of testing is great for those who are too young to express themselves or get the help they need. But, for interviewees old enough, self monitoring can be conducted. Self-monitoring is basically observing your behaviors and patterns. This can really help the person determine what harm they are causing and how big their problem is. Neuropsychological testing measures a brain dysfunction by determining how a person performs a certain task. For example, speaking a language, memory, motor skills, and their concentration. A tool this test uses is positron emission tomography or Pet scan. When brain becomes active, blood oxygen, and glucose appears in the brain creating a display of colors. So, when using this scan, there is a way to see what is or isn’t working. Psychophysiological testing measures activity in the nervous system or changes in the structure and function of the brain. A tool commonly used for this type of assessment is an electroencephalogram or an EGG. This imaging software can measure fires of electrical activity in the brain and exactly at what voltage. This can determine if the voltage is at a normal rate or recorded in a increase of alpha

The MMPI-2 has some level of construct validity. Research supports that MMPI-2 scales, moderately to strongly, measure an array of constructs,

Larsen and Buss define personality as "the set of psychological traits and mechanisms within the individual that are organized and relitivly enduring and that influence his or her interactions with, and adaptations to, the environment (including the intrapsychic, physical and social environment)." To fully understand this defintion, it is best to break it down into