Originated from Bassano del Grappa, more than 1600 years ago, the famous Italian drink Grappa

Beer, the first beverage appeared as a result of changed lifestyle for the early humans. Before, humans were nomads, who would follow their food (pg. 9). But starting about 12,000 years ago humans had picked up on a new lifestyle (pg. 9). These small bands of about 30 people were now settling down in more permanent areas and had abandoned their old ways of constantly traveling (pg. 9). This drastic turning point in human history seemed to primarily come from one reason, the discovery of beer (pg.11). As beer was basically formed from the gathering of barley and wheat, humans had to form some type of permanent residency, and abandon their old nomadic lifestyle (pg.11).

Solid impurities and liquid impurities having quite different boiling points are most easily removed by distillation, but even liquids having similar boiling points can be separated. For easy separations, a "simple distillation" apparatus (Figure 1) will be used for the first part, but for more accurate separations, a "fractional distillation" apparatus (Figure 2) is necessary. In this lab we will be using both apparatuses. Unfortunately, each time a distillation is run, material is lost. Some evaporates into the air and some is left behind, stuck to the apparatus. That is why fractional distillation is the best apparatus to use. It is important to keep a careful record of the temperature at the beginning and end of every fraction you collect. Stop the distillation by removing the heat just before all the liquid in the distilling flask is completely gone. Watching the rate of temperature increase is important, allowing the temperature to increase too quickly can cause impurity. The distillation curves for our simple and fractional distillation clearly demonstrate that fractional distillation separates the two compounds more

Coffee was first created in Yemen. From Yemen, coffee moved into the Arabic culture. Europeans then smuggled coffee beans into Europe.

Method: Distillation is based on the fact that the matter can exist in three phases - - solid, liquid and gas. As the temperature of a pure substance is increased, it passes through these phases, making a transition at a specific temperature from solid to liquid (melting point--mp) and then at a higher temperature from liquid to gas (boiling point--bp). Distillation involves evaporating a liquid into a gas phase, then condensing the gas back into a liquid and collecting the liquid in a clean receiver. Substances that have a higher boiling point than the desired material will not distill at the

Are there any other beverages that influenced the history of the world or any others that are representative of a particular time period? While Standage mentions seven beverages that represent certain time periods, there are more drinks than the seven that he listed, and any of those other beverages could also have a similar impact to the seven he listed.

A History of the World in 6 Glasses by Tom Standage recalls the history of six different drinks, which are arguably the most important drinks to have ever existed. The six drinks this book discusses are: beer, wine, spirits, tea, coffee, and Coca- Cola.

Normally wine is started in the fall when the ripe grapes arc harvested. It is not ready to be tasted until at least the following May-the origin of the young, and often very harsh, ‘May Wine.’ This time sequence coincides with the typical school year and thus provides an ideal opportunity to have a continuing demonstration. As the year passes and the course progresses, continued reference can be made to the various stages of the wine production….

Wine, however, seemed to be the drink of the sophisticated demand. Not easily attainable and expensive, many civilizations did not have the luxury of drinking wine and instead had to stick to beer. For the Greeks and Romans however, wine played an important role in their everyday lives. The consumption of wine led to a tradition of social drinking, which the Greek called symposion and the Romans called convivium. In both gatherings, the people drank wine and had intellectual discussions. To the Greeks and Romans, wine is what defined the sophisticated people from the savages. Spirits, the last of the three alcoholic drinks, resulted from the distillation of wines and beers, was a new popular alcohol that was particularly favored among sailors during exploration and American colonists. When the sugar industry became established, Rum came into existence, created by distilled the waste created by sugar production. By drinking grog, which had lime juice in it, sailors were able to avoid getting scurvy, which reduced sailor deaths. Some slaves traders refused to do business if they did not receive dashee, or alcohol, first. Spirits also played an important role among

The smell from the ferment is not the rich odor of wine, but the smell of decay and

Simple distillation is a separation technique which can be used to separate and purify distillates from a liquid mixture which ideally contains one volatile and one non-volatile compound. If such ideal conditions are not possible—as is usually the case—then simple distillation can be applied as long as the liquid in question is composed of compounds that differ in volatility such that their boiling points differ by at least 40 to 50 degrees Celsius. Because

1.) Briefly explain the concept of steam distillation. What is the difference between a simple distillation and a steam distillation? When a mixture of two immiscible liquids are distilled it is referred to as codistillation. This process is referred to as steam distillation when one of the liquids is water. This distillation is used to separate organic liquids from natural products and reaction mixtures in which the final product results in high boiling residues such as tars, inorganic salts, and other relatively involatile components. It is useful in isolating volatile oils from various parts of plants and not useful in the final purification of a

It is unsure when and where the smoking sausage came from until it was brought by a soldier from south of Italy. “The recipe for lucanicae include pepper, cumin, savory, rue, parsley, bay berry spice, and add liquamen (a fish sauce similar to Thai nam pla, and very common in Roman cooking) with whole

Distillation is a method of separating two volatile chemicals on the basis of their differing boiling points. During this lab, students were given 30 mL of an unknown solution containing two colorless chemicals. Because the chemicals may have had a relatively close boiling point, we had to employ a fractional distillation over a simple distillation. By adding a fractionating column between the boiling flask and the condenser, we were able to separate the liquids more efficiently due to the fact that more volatile liquids tend to push towards the top of the fractionating column, thereby leaving the liquid with the lower boiling point towards the bottom. After obtaining the distillates, we utilized a gas chromatograph in order to analyze the volatile substances in the gas phase and determine their composition percentage of the initial solution. Overall, through this lab we were able to enhance our knowledge on the practical utilization of chemical theories, and thus also demonstrated technical fluency involving the equipment.

The purpose of this experiment was to separate a two component mixture using fractional distillation. Distillation is a process of vaporization than condensation of a substance, used primarily to separate substances from a mixture when there are different boiling points. Fractional distillation is when the mixture has multiple substances with similar boiling points, and a fractional column is used to create multiple vaporization/condensation cycles. Fractional distillation is important when two or more substances need to be separated, but they have similar boiling points.

The purpose of distillation is to purify a liquid. Distillations are use to purify contaminates out of water to obtain clean pure water, as well as, to separate mixtures of liquids into their individual components; e.g. methanol and water.