Orthopedic Infection

Surgical site infections (SSI) occur in 2 – 5% of ‘clean’ non-abdominal surgical procedures (Rothrock, 2007). Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most common cause for SSI in Orthopaedic surgery (NICE, 2008). Guidelines were produced by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) to try and reduce this infection rate and include a preoperative phase, (including hair removal and antibiotic prophylaxis), an intra-operative phase and postoperative phase.

In recent years, surgical site infections are verified as one of the most errors that are common in the healthcare; however, they are also preventable. These research papers will synthesis information about surgical infections, patient experience, hospital-acquired conditions and achievement of expected treatment for specific clinical diagnoses. A surgical site infection is an infected condition in the body after surgery has occurred. Surgical site infections are caused by germs, called bacteria. Different types of bacteria from the environment may cause a delay in healing. The infection may come from surgical tools or bacteria on the skin if it is not clean correctly. Healthcare professionals use certain guidelines and

5. Poulin,P., et al.(2014) Preoperative Skin Antiseptics for preventing surgical site infections: What to do?

Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) 8.Vascular Catheter-Associated Infection 9. Deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism following total knee replacement and hip replacement procedures 10. Certain Surgical Site Infections, including Mediastinitis after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG), following certain orthopedic procedures, and following bariatric surgery for obesity.

Conduct a literature search to locate research articles focused on a practice problem of interest. This literature search should include both quantitative and qualitative peer research articles to support your practice problem or issue of interest in 350-750 words.

The Joint Commission Accreditation Body assesses health care organization’s compliance with National Patient Safety Goals. The goal of the Joint Commission Body is to focus on critical aspects and patient safety issues in health care organizations, which can vary according to the setting of the health care being performed (Chassin, 2008). Infections occurring in surgical sites of patients account for 15% of all infections that transpire in a hospital setting, and the risk of death doubles in patients who develop infections. The dangers of surgical site infections include superficial, deep, and organ or space infections. The different infections include cellulitis, gangrene, MRSA, and wound sinus, which can lead to amputation, organ

The unit utilizes an evidence-based testing and pre-surgical evaluation processes, thereby making it ideal to do the required assessment, testing, and treatment effectively. Although, there continues to be resistance from some surgeons, majority are taking notice of the major impacts of inadequate pre-operative patient preparation. The JC risk assessment recommendations dictate institutions are responsible to reduce infections caused by Multi Drug Resistant Organisms (MDRO) and the initial occurrence of an epidemiologically significant organism (2016).

However, the authors report that in major orthopedic surgeries and due to lack of evidence on the subject, more studies need to be performed to determine better results. This study provided specific knowledge of the selected topic and research was based on information obtained from credible databases including MEDLINE, Cochrane and Scopus.

When treating primary or secondary skin infections, first generation cephalosporins are recommended as the standard initial treatment (Woo & Wynne, 2012). According to Woo & Wynne (2012), cephalexin is the most used drug for surgical incision infections (Woo & Wynne, 2012). Woo & Wynne (2012) recommend dosing for cephalexin for soft tissue and skin infections 500mg every 12 hours (Woo & Wynne, 2012).

Osteomyelitis is a broad and debilitating disease typically triggered by a variety of conditions. Osteomyelitis starts off as inflammation seen within bone and bone marrow that can quickly progress into a large, subclassified infection. The length of time the infection has been present in the body and whether or not there is a pus formation or increased density among the infected bone is commonly used to classify severity. Pyrogenic bacteria or mycobacteria systematically attack the route and anatomic location of the infection evolving acute conditions into chronic ones. “Staphylococcus Aureus is a gram-positive, round shaped, non-mobile cocci typically found in clusters inside these wounds. Staphylococcus Aureus is one of the most common causes of infections after injury or surgery and affects nearly 500,000 patients in hospitals each year. Staphylococcus Aureus belongs to the family Staphylcoccaceae and survives by affecting all known mammalian species including humans” (www.news-medical.net). Osteomyelitis can start in one area of the body while spreading through the blood stream into other bone regions. Typical treatment options for Osteomyelitis includes antibiotics, removal of

Studies have proven that antibiotic prophylaxis reduce the risk of wound infection in hip fracture and also the chances of urinary tract infection.(Management Of Hip Fracture In Older People,2009)

Surgical Site Infections (SSI) has a plethora of risk factors with in the operating room (OR). It is considered a SSI if a patient returns to the hospital within 30 days post operation with a superficial incision complaining of pain or tenderness or showing symptoms of purulent draining. If a patient has a deep organ space incision they have 30-90 days post-operative to be classified as a SSI. Surgical site infections are of the utmost concern because they account for the majority of nosocomial infection, 14% to 20%. Annually, they cost the United States roughly $3.5 to $10 billion in increased hospital costs, or $400 to 30,000 per infection (Bohl, et al., 2016). Organizations strive very hard to have all of their patients leave and to

It is a major cause of surgical site infections, with a higher mortality and longer duration of care than Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. A multifactorial bundled approach is needed to control this epidemic, with single interventions unlikely to have a significant impact on attenuating MRSA infection rates. Active surveillance has been studied in a wide range of surgical patients, including surgical intensive care and non-intensive care units; cardiac, vascular, orthopedic, obstetric, head and neck cancer and gastrostomy patients. There is sufficient evidence demonstrating a beneficial effect of surveillance and eradication prior to surgery to recommend its use on an expanded basis. (Kavanagh et al., 2014)

Ethical challenges are the most profound when dealing with patient safety; compliance with the prophylaxis antibiotic administration guidelines is paramount to a surgical patient in order to decrease the possibility of a post operative surgical site infection. Antibiotic timing requires

Postoperative surgical site infections according to Nichol (2001) remain a major source of illness in surgical patients. Beaver, (2008) point out that surgical infection is one of the side effects that occur after a patient has gone for surgery.