The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model

The third layer is the one where the Yanomamo live in, which they say was created when a piece of the second layer fell off. The bottom most layer, the Yanomamo say, was created when the sky fell to earth on top of a particular settlement, and pushed it down through to the underside; the people of the settlement were forced to eat each other. The belief that souls are regularly carried off to be eaten below reflects the Yanomamo’s fear of cannibalism.

3: Network Layer: The use of network layer is switching and routing technologies. It demonstrates logical path and virtual circuits for transferring data from one node to

Layer 3: Network - The way that the data will be sent to the recipient device is determined in this layer. Logical protocols, routing and addressing are handled here.

The fifth layer is the session layer this establishes a connection,this layer makes and sets up the connection using co ordinates and could terminate conversations links. the session layer produces services that make authentication after an interruption and not only that but it can reconnect.and as well as the transporting layer it can also have the TCP and the UDP can provide services for all most all applications.An application layer is an abstraction layer that specifies the shared protocols and interface methods used by hosts in a communications network. The application layer abstraction is used in both of the standard models of computer networking; the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and the Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model).Although both models use the same term for their respective highest level layer, the detailed definitions and purposes are different.In TCP/IP, the application layer contains the communications protocols and interface methods used in process-to-process communications

The impact of this standard is easy to identify as all of the standards seek to be very descriptive in what should be done to meet the requirements so as to be unambiguous

• “Application - The Application Layer is the layer that most network users are exposed to, and is the level at which human communication happens. HTTP, FTP, and SMTP are examples of the application layer protocols the Patton-Fuller will now be utilizing for communicating electronically” (Network Design, 2012).

1. Application (in terms of cabling infrastructure): The application layer is the OSI layer closest to the end user, which means both the OSI application layer and the user interact directly with the software application. When determining resource availability, the application layer must decide whether sufficient network or the requested communication exists.. (OSI_model#Layer_7:_application_layer)

This makes sure the data transferred is in the right order, error free and reliable from beginning to end. The Network Layer is the third layer of the model and its function is to interpret the network addresses into physical addresses and figure out how to direct them from the sender to the receiver. The next layer is the Data Link Layer, this is the second layer and it separates the data it receives from the Network layer into specific frames so they can be transmitted by the Physical layer. Frames are packages for moving data, they include the raw data, the sender and receiver’s addresses, as well as error checking and control information. This makes sure the frames are delivered to their destination without any problems. The physical layer is the first layer and the lowest, the protocols at this layer recognize and receive the frames from the Data Link layer. They also monitor data error and set data transmission

In the seven layers of the OSI, control is passed between layers. The model is theoretical, but tells us how a network takes the data sent from the application all the way down to the physical layer and out, to in the physical layer and back up all the way to the application layer. This Model has nothing to do with the actual functions of the process. Instead it is a concept of the framework, so the complexities of a network can be broken down and understood (Beal, 1999).

The physical machines fundamental transport layer that host the GemFire and client applications and provide distribution of data between machines.

The Application layer within the OSI reference model is where the application and the user communicates. In other words, the application layer is the ending of data that is transferred in visual form to the user. This layer provides the interface between the applications we use to communicate and the underlying network over which our messages are transmitted. The Application Layer functions are to provide the interface for application-specific protocols commonly used such as HyperText Transfer (HTTP), file transfer (FTP), Simple mail transfer (SMTP), Internet message Access (IMAP),

Layer 3 is the network layer and utilises multiple common protocols to perform routing on the network. Protocols consist of the Internet Protocol (IP), packet sniffing and DoS attacks such as Ping floods and ICMP attacks. Because of their layer 3 nature, these types of attacks can be performed remotely over the Internet while layer 2 attacks primarily come from the internal LAN.

Layer 4 which is the Transport layer responsible for end to end connection. It parts and collect the data and is made into data streams. It ensures that the data is established and maintained. It also detects any errors found in the data while transferring as well as recovering those

The application layer: this layer allows different applications to communicate with each other’s. In order to exchange different data over the network connection, the protocols included in this layer set up the standards such as DNS, HTTP, FTP. The data coded in this layer will be encapsulated to transport layer for further packing.

Technology development: The RosettaNet business process standards used in conjunction with XML forms is the heart of the technology that allows Intel to build more efficient links with its suppliers and customers. There are as many as 1,000 customers and suppliers that might benefit from doing business with Intel through RosettaNet, though many customers will still be working with Intel through existing EDI systems or browser-based interfaces for the next few years.