Osteoarthritis: Degenerative Joint Disease

Myasthenia gravis [MG] is a rare, autoimmune neuromuscular disorder. The incidence rates has been reported as 2-7/10000 in central and western Virginia ( Thanvi ,2004).The onset of [MG] is depends on age and gender .In patients younger than 40 years, women are more susceptible than man to [MG],with a ratio of 7:3 :Above the age 50 [MG] are slightly more common in men with a ratio 3:2.Myasthenia gravis are very rare in children.Juvinile [MG] is an autoimmune disorder ,while congenital [MG] results from genetic mutations that impair neuromuscular transmission. It has been suggested that incidence of [MG] falls after 70 years of age. A recent study using AChR antibody as a diagnostic

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder meaning grave muscular weakness. Symptoms associated with myasthenia gravis include painless, fluctuating, and fatigable weakness involving specific muscle groups. Weakness is usually least in the morning and progresses as the day continues especially with prolonged muscle use. Double vision and drooping eyelids is usually the first symptom complaint from patients with MG. The patient may complain of difficulty with speech, chewing, swallowing, or breathing. Initial symptoms of difficulty chewing, swallowing, or speaking is reported in 16% of patients. Weakness can also be present in the arms or legs. Prevalence of MG is currently 20/100,000 in the United States. The

Osteoarthritis is degenerative joint disease caused by mechanical wear and tear. Damage manifest as breakdown of cartilage, injury of subhondral bone and changes to all articular surfaces. it presents as pain in weight bearing joints that worsen with use. The joints that are mostly affected are the distal interphalanges, knees, hips, toes and spine [1]. Knee osteoarthritis is suspected after a medical history and physical examination is done. During the physical examination the doctor will examine the knee and its series of motion. He will pay close attention to areas that are swollen, tender and painful [2]. There are a variety of diagnostic tests that may help confirm the diagnosis if patient’s knee is affected. There is X-ray that

Symptoms that arise due to Myasthenia gravis include common conditions such as drooping eyelids, muscle fatigue and loss of fine motor control that can be attributed to many other conditions as well. This can make diagnostics very tricky but thanks to the great understanding obtained through research into the disease, the diagnosis of Myasthenia gravis is fairly straightforward and there are a few techniques used as accepted tests.

In approximately five percent of OA cases, the disease appears in younger individuals, who typically then have a predisposing condition. This can be joint deformity and/or laxity, previous joint injury, or some underlying metabolic disease, such as diabetes mellitus, alkaptonuria, or hemochromatosis. Marked adiposity can also predispose individuals to osteoarthritis. This is attributed largely to the increased load on weight-bearing joints in these patients. In fact, two in three people who are obese may develop significant knee osteoarthritis in their lifetime.2 The disease is called secondary osteoarthritis in these

It is degenerative joint disease or degenerative arthritis, osteoarthritis (OA). It is the most common chronic condition of the joints. It affects any joint, but it occurs most often in knees, hips, lower back and neck, small joints of the fingers and the bases of the thumb and big toe. The rubbery material called cartiliage covers the end of each bones and acts as a cushion between the bones. The cartilage breaks down in OA, causing pain, swelling and problems moving the joint. Over the time as it worsens, bones may break down and develop growths called spurs. Bone or cartilage may break and float around in the joint. During an inflammatory process cytokines (proteins) and enzymes develop that further damage the cartilage. In

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative arthritis, a condition in which joint cartilage degenerates or breaks down. New tissue, which grows at the ends of bones, now has no cartilage cap to control it. Instead, this new bone forms into strange lips and spurs that grind and grate and get in the way of movement of the joint. Osteoarthritis is common in older people after years of wear-and-tear that thin the cartilage and the bones. Osteoarthritis can also result from diseases in which there is softening of the bone, like Paget 's disease in which the long bones of the body curve like a bow, or osteoporosis with its bowing of the shoulder called "dowager 's hump," or other bone degeneration. Other forms of arthritis can also cause a secondary

One of the most common arthritis, Osteoarthritis, a chronic condition related to deterioration of the joint cartilage, normally effects weight-bearing joints such as, (knees, feet, hips, lumbar vertebrae).Osteoarthritis, affecting more than 20 million people and is widespread in the united states more common towards females. Symptoms typically manifest its earliest in middle age and progress .Osteoarthritis related to aging (idiopathic) may be secondary to the wear and tear, as well as some abnormal initiating event (McCann, 2010). According to Ryan (2015), “There are currently around 8.5 million people with OA in the UK, three quarters of whom live in constant pain, and its prevalence is increasing as the population ages and obesity becomes

Osteoarthritis is an degenerative joint disorder characterised by loss of articular cartilage leading to severe pain and restricted mobility in patient. It affects mostly the joint such as hand, knees, spine, hips, and shoulder. Risk factors such as age, joint injury, excessive repetitive loading, joint dysplasia, gender, genetic predisposition, comorbidities these are some factors which are known to increase risk of osteoarthritis. At molecular level, OA results from an imbalance between the peptides that promote the synthesis of the components of extracellular matrix of articular cartilage and those that induce remodelling of these components. The articular cartilage degradation in OA is due to complex interaction and upregulation of various

Osteoarthritis is a common cause of joint pain and impaired joint function. This condition is characterized by loss of joint cartilage leading to decreased ROM, synovial inflammation, osteophytes, subchondral cysts, and sclerosis formation. Over time, this leads to painful bone to bone contact, joint subluxation, and deformity. It is estimated that this condition affects 10% of the adult population.¬1 The economic burden of ankle joint osteoarthritis is about 1.0-2.5% GNP in western countries.2 The preponderance of ankle osteotarthritis is post traumatic in etiology (80%).3 This presents specific challenges since it occurs often in younger patients.

Though myasthenia gravis can affect people of different ages, it's more likely to affect women younger than 40 and in men older than 60 years of age. To diagnose your condition, your doctor will analyze your symptoms and your medical history and proceed with a physical inspection. Your doctor will run several tests. Too others they become anxious and want you to seek help. It also may cause stress on others as assistance nay be needed. Myasthenia gravis was first explained by Thomas Willis in 1672. It is an developed autoimmune disease with antibodies in contradiction of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is considered to be a very rare disorder. It is an autoimmune neuromuscular junction disease which in most cases occurs as a painless, massively fatigable weakness; targeting certain muscle groups. Some of the initial presentations of myasthenia gravis include the ocular weakness with binocular diplopia consecutively, along with asymmetric ptosis. Limb weakness is rare initially. Therefore, patients who experience ocular weakness as an initial symptom, usually do not develop the limb weakness until approximately three years later. Therefore, a primary care doctor must be strictly observant so as to find out the presence of myasthenia gravis. When the T cells-dependent immunologic react or attack the endplate area of the

Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by disruption and the potential loss of joint cartilage and other joint changes. This may also include bone hypertrophy. Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disorder, which often becomes symptomatic for people around the ages of forty and fifty. Osteoarthritis also has a mild version, which is mostly found in young people. Below age forty, this disease occurs mostly in men. By the time it is predominated in women, the two are both equally affected. I find this interesting because there are few diseases where it can equally affect both women and men. To me it seems that women are the most often to get sick because we are less active men.

This essay is aimed to critically appraise the article about “comparing the effect of glucosamine and glucosamine with alendronate in symptomatic relieve of degenerative knee joint disease” (Hamid Reza Arti & Mohammad Ebrahim Azemi, 2012, p. 87-92). The study talked about the Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD) or osteoarthritis, which is the most common destructive joint disease and causes of chronic disability in human beings. Osteoarthritis is often caused by aging, frequent use of knee joints or obesity. People with osteoarthritis are normally treated by glucosamine. On the other hand, alendronate is used to treat osteoporosis. People with osteoporosis will have brittle or fragile bones due to deficiency in calcium or vitamin D. As both osteoarthritis and osteoporosis have higher chances of being found in elderly patients, it might not be an unusual thing for them to exist together in the patient at the same time. Combining glucosamine and alendronate together in the treatment may bring out unexpected therapeutic benefits. The objective of the study is to find out the differences between the effects of glucosamine alone and combination between glucosamine and alendronate administration in relieving knee degeneration. The study hypothesised that combination of glucosamine and alendronate will be more effective in treating knee degeneration.

The process of degeneration in Osteoarthritis is followed by more thickening of the subchondral bones, later new bone outgrowths at the joint margin which we call the osteophytes. Most of the patient will suffer from pain and impaired mobility, decrease in the muscle strength and limitation in daily life