Osteoarthritis Discussion Paper

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disorder; knee is the joint that most frequently affected.1 During 1988 to 1994, among US adults, the prevalence of knee OA was 37.4%, and the prevalence was greater among women than men (42.1% vs 31.2%).2 Knee OA will impair lower extremity function, and influencing the quality of life. The most common complaints from the patients with knee OA are the pain, daily functional decline, joint deformity, and gait deviation3,4. Symptomatic OA knee patients have shown that significantly less knee angular velocity and knee range of motion during gait. The normal joint load line can be altered with possible varus angulation of the knee, eventually affecting

A total knee replacement (TKA) is the most common joint surgery performed in the United States (Turner, 2011, pp. 27-32). Each year, over 650,000 Americans undergo this surgery (Wittig-Wells, 2015, pp. 45-49). It is an invasive surgery that involves an incision on top of the knee and replacing damaged parts of the knee with artificial parts that are either metal, ceramic or plastic. Someone would get a total knee replacement for damage of the joint, osteoarthritic, posttraumatic, or inflammatory arthritis. The cartilage is damaged, wears away and then you develop bony deformity and contracture of ligaments but it starts out with specific defects or wear of cartilage. The top nursing priorities for a total knee arthroplasty is to “prevent complications, promote optimal mobility, alleviate pain, and provide information about diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment needs” (Doenges, 2014, pg. 627). A possible nursing diagnosis from the patient who is undergoing a TKA might be ‘impaired physical mobility related to pain and discomfort as evidenced by reluctance to attempt movement.’ Another one could be ‘acute pain related to chronic joint disease as evidenced by reports of pain’ (Vera, 2014).

The document Seniors and Aging – Osteoarthritis as part of the It’s Your Health newsletter was prepared by Health Canada in collaboration with the Public Health Agency of Canada. The target audience of this document are the at-risk population of seniors in Canada, who are at an increased risk for developing osteoarthritis. The document emphases certain risk factors that increase the likelihood of getting osteoarthritis and highlights potential steps to decrease one’s likelihood of developing the condition. The majority of Canadians with osteoarthritis are above the age of seventy. Therefore, the purpose of the document is to decrease the prevalence of osteoarthritis by educating the population about risk factors for developing the condition.

osteoarthritis is moral and beneficial to society. Osteoarthritis is the most well-known type of joint illness around the world. Also, the individual's own particular bone marrow stem cells is a significant wellspring of potential treatment as they can produce joint tissue the body will not reject when re-embedded. All things considered, as individuals age the quantity of stem cells diminishes and those that remain are less capable of developing and repairing tissue. Likewise, once an injury happens the cells in newts can change utilizing a procedure known as dedifferentiation. The cells combine and come back to a stem cell like state to permit them to multiply and create the specific cells required for new tissue arrangement. Be that as it

Osteoarthritis is the most common rheumatic disease, primarily affects the articular cartilage and the subchondral bone of a synovial joint, eventually resulting in joint failure. People with progressive symptomatic knee osteoarthritis experience pain and increasing difficulty with daily functional activities. In fact, knee osteoarthritis bears more responsibility than any other disease for disability in walking, stair climbing and housekeeping.

Osteoarthritis is degenerative joint disease caused by mechanical wear and tear. Damage manifest as breakdown of cartilage, injury of subhondral bone and changes to all articular surfaces. it presents as pain in weight bearing joints that worsen with use. The joints that are mostly affected are the distal interphalanges, knees, hips, toes and spine [1]. Knee osteoarthritis is suspected after a medical history and physical examination is done. During the physical examination the doctor will examine the knee and its series of motion. He will pay close attention to areas that are swollen, tender and painful [2]. There are a variety of diagnostic tests that may help confirm the diagnosis if patient’s knee is affected. There is X-ray that

The patient may also complain of crepitation being heard during movement due to irregularity of the joint surfaces in the knee gliding over one another. Knee osteoarthritis is characterized by structural changes in the knee seen on radiographs involving loss of articular cartilage, joint space loss, and the presence of osteophytes.3 Primary care providers is the ones who primarily manage osteoarthritis with conservative and pharmacological treatments. Conservative treatment consists of exercise, strength training, and weight loss in order to reduce pain and progression of the disease. However, many conservative treatments fail over time and pharmacological treatment is needed to reduce pain in the patient.1 This literature review will look into the knee portal techniques, corticosteroid injections, and hyaluronic acid injections for knee

“When something bad happens, you have three choices. You can let it define you, let it destroy you, or you can let it strengthen you” (Unknown). Osteoarthritis (OA) occurs when the cartilage cushioning the joints breaks down and causes the bones to rub together, inducing a change in shape. Not only is osteoarthritis a leading cause of disability in people over 50 years of age, it is the most common form of degenerative joint disease. It can be a very debilitating form of arthritis in that it tends to affect the load-bearing joints, especially the hips and knees, that are crucial for normal movement. There are currently 27 million Americans living with osteoarthritis, all of whom have to decide between conservative or aggressive treatment.

According to Goodman and Fuller (2009) Osteoarthritis is divided into 2 classifications: Primary and secondary. Primary OA is a disorder of unknown cause which in the cascade of joint degeneration it is believed to be a related defect in the articular cartilage. Secondary OA has a known cause, which may be trauma, infection, hemarthrosis, osteonecrosis, or some condition Primary Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder in the world and often affects the knee and hip joints (Rubak, Svendsen, Soballe, & Frost, 2013). For patients with primary hip OA, pain and disability are the most important indications for total hip replacement (THR) (Rubake et al., 2013, p.486) Primary symptoms of OA include joint pain, stiffness, and limitation of movement. Disease progression is usually slow but can

The most common indication for total knee replacement is osteoarthritis, or degenerative joint disease. The end stage of osteoarthritis is wearing out of cartilage (smooth, gliding bone ends) resulting in bone-to-bone contact in diseased joints. It is progressive and becomes increasingly painful as the cartilage erodes. Younger people who get knee replacements have damaged their joints by trauma (accidents that destroy joint surfaces), infection, cancer or tumor, and inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis.

The articular cartilage, o is damaged and lost through structural fissures and erosion resulting from extreme

OA has a complex pathology, with numerous environmental and genetic risk factors. Generally, OA is thought to be caused by a complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors (Valdes et al., 2009). A variety of epidemiological studies have demonstrated that genetic susceptibility is a key regulator of OA aetiology (Peach et al., 2005). Genetic variations may influence several OA risk factors, including obesity, skeletal shape, bone mass and synovitis (Valdes et al., 2011a). Furthermore, it has been shown that generalized OA phenotype, sensitivity to pain and disease progression may be also determined by genetic susceptibility (Valdes et al., 2010a; van Meurs et al., 2009; Kerkhof et al., 2010).

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the oldest and most common joint disease and has existed since pre-historic times. Traces have been found in the fossil remains of pre-historic humans. [1] Osteoarthritis is derived from the Greek word ‘osteo’, meaning ‘of the bone’, ‘arthro’, meaning ‘joint’, and ‘itis’, meaning inflammation. It is not a single disease entity, but a collection of diseases that results in similar biomechanical and structural changes in the joint structures. OA, also known as degenerative joint disease, Arthrosis or Osteoarthrosis is a group of mechanical abnormalities involving degradation of joints including articular cartilage and subchondral bone. [2] Knee OA is one of the most common musculo-skeletal disorders in the world,

Surgery, particularly total knee replacement, is recommended for those with severe disease. Total knee replacement is a cost effective treatment for end-stage osteoarthritis of the knee and the rate of this procedure continues to increase, which is thought to be due to an aging society with greater functional demands [6] and hence It is an effective surgical modality that improves patient’s quality of life. It effectively relieves arthritis pain but improvement in physical function varies [7]

Samples have been taken of patients that underwent surgical procedures such as knee-Arthroscopy and Implantation of knee-Arthroplasty. The patients of the Arthroscopy cohort have been structured in two different groups. If there was no severe cartilage damage (ICRS-score  2) the patient has been assigned to Group 2 (w/-JD). In patients that underwent implantation of a knee arthroplasty due to severe osteoarthritis, synovial fluid has been taken before opening joint capsula by using a