Osteomalatia Essay example

Osteoporosis if often called the "silent disease" because bone loss occurs without symptoms. People may not know that they have the disease until their bones become so weak that sudden strain, bump, or fall causes a fracture or a vertebra to collapse. Collapsed certebrae may initially be felt or seen in the form of severe back pain, loss of height, or spinal deformities such as kyphosis or stooped posture. Certain people are more likely to develop osteoporsis than others. Factors that increase the likelihood of developing osteoporosis are called "risk factors." The following risk factors have been identified: Being female thin and/or small frame, Advanced age, a family history of osteoporosis Postmenopause, including early or surgically enduced menopause. Abnormal absence of menstral period, anorexia, nervosa, or bulimia. A diet of low in calcium use of certain

Another cause of osteomalacia, although very uncommon, is tumor induced, also know as oncogenic osteomalacia (Kaul et al., 2007). The most common tumor form is phosphaturic mesenchymal and this tumor releases excess fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23). The release of FGF23 results in hypophosphatemia, or low phosphate levels in the body by decreasing small intestine and renal resorption of phosphate (William et al., 2011). FGF23 also inhibits 1α-hydroxylase which prevents the formation of the active form of vitamin D. In normal conditions, the bones increase the release of FGF23 when phosphate levels are high, so one can imagine how severe osteomalacia can result from the body being told it has too much phosphate when

Insufficient Vitamin D supply/intake: Vitamin D assists the absorption of calcium from the intestines. A lack of vitamin D causes bone to have insufficient calcium, which further weakens bones and increases the risk of

Osteoporosis is a condition in which bone density is lost or the formation of bone is insufficient, weakening the bones and making them easier to fracture. Although it is most common in older adults, especially women, osteoporosis can also occur during childhood. Most often, osteoporosis during childhood is caused by a primary medical condition, such as diabetes or by a genetic disorder such as osteogenesis imperfecta. This type of osteoporosis is called secondary osteoporosis. Some diseases and causes that can lead to juvenile osteoporosis include:  juvenile arthritis, cystic fibrosis, celiac disease, eating disorders, and kidney disease. Secondary osteoporosis can also be caused by medications that treat the primary medical conditions, such as chemotherapy for cancer or steroids for arthritis.  When there is no known cause, the disease is categorized as idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis. Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis is a rare form of

OFC is caused by unchecked hyperparathyroidism, or the over activity of the parathyroid glands, which results in an overproduction of parathyroid hormone. Too much parathyroid can cause bone breakdown and can also the bone to become fragile. PTH causes the release of calcium from the bones into the blood, and the reabsorption

The main stages in bone development are early childhood, puberty, and menopause. “During childhood, liquid crystals of calcium within this cartilage solidify through a process called “mineralization”. For that mineralization to occur and keep occurring throughout childhood, however, it’s vitally important that children get enough exercise, calcium and vitamin D, says Laura Tosi, MD, chief of Orthopedic Surgery. Outside play, once a staple of childhood, has given way to video games and television. And if kids don’t play outside, they often don’t get enough sunlight to make adequate vitamin D. Also, kids are much more likely to drink soda or juice these days than milk, which remains one of the best sources of calcium and vitamin D in early life. In fact, variations in the amount of calcium kids get may account for five to 10 percent difference in adult bone mass and a 50 percent difference in the hip fracture rate later in life. Chalk up that adolescent growth spurt to the fact that the majority of bone is laid down in adolescence. This “speeding up” of bone formation begins around age 11 in girls and 12 or 13 in boys. Unfortunately, this is also the time when girls begin to significantly reduce their calcium intake. In fact, over 80 percent of girls age nine to 19 don’t get the recommended average daily amount of calcium. Adolescent girls are also at greater risk for anorexia and other eating disorders than boys, which can wreak havoc with estrogen levels,

A lack of Vitamin D can cause weak bones and therefore increased bone loss. Vitamin D is important in absorbing and making use of calcium.

Osteoarthritis of the spine generally happens in people as they get older. Our bones are always growing and changing throughout our lives. When we are in 20’s bone density is when it is most significant, and as life goes on we lose bone mass in different aspects. This disease is common in men under 45 years of age and in women over 45 years of age. I believe that all types of osteoporosis are caused by lack of calcium and vitamin D in our bodies.

First of all, sex hormones play a crucial role in osteoporosis. For instance, when females' monthly periods stop, their estrogen levels will drop. Moreover, their bone density will decrease because estrogen (females' hormone) is important to maintain their bone healthy (3). Like females, the level of Testosterone hormone in males impacts the bones health. Second, lack of the calcium and vitamin D in people's daily meals. Calcium and vitamin D are both essential items to support the bone structure. Since the bones consist of calcium and without vitamin D the absorption of calcium will be less than the normal

Osteoporosis is a debilitating and deadly disease that is imposing tremendous economic, social and public health burden. In Pakistan, accurate data regarding fracture incidence is not available. But, it is estimated that the cost of a hip-fracture case treatment varies between 4000 to 10000 USD depending on the hospital setting.1Consequently, the primary objective of its treatment is the prevention of such fractures. Weight-bearing exercise, fall prevention and adequate intake of vitamin D and calcium are, essentially imperative for fracture prevention.2Several treatment drugs are available with anabolic, anti- resorptive or dual actions. Currently, teriparatide is the only anabolic drug available in the market. The major disadvantages of this drug are that it is very expensive, it needs to be administered subcutaneously, and it is associated with adverse effects like nausea,

Vitamin D is key for solid bones on the grounds that it helps the body use calcium from the eating methodology. Generally, vitamin D lack has been connected with rickets, a malady in which the bone tissue doesn't appropriately mineralize, prompting delicate bones and skeletal distortions. Yet

Rickets/Osteomalacia is a disorder involving the softening and weakening of a child’s bones, primarily caused by lack of vitamin D and or lack of calcium or phosphate. According to The Mayo Clinic, vitamin D promotes the absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the gastrointestinal tract. A deficiency of vitamin D makes it difficult to maintain proper calcium and phosphorus levels in bones, which can cause rickets. Adding vitamin D or calcium to the diet will generally correct the bone problems associated with rickets. Rickets should not be a single minded focus regarding a child’s diagnosis, but other underlying medical treatment would be needed. Some skeletal deformities caused by rickets may require corrective surgery.”

Calcium and Phosphate are essential in the formation of new bone. Without these minerals, bone production and bone tissue would be affected. In turn, the bones become weaker and fragile. The main cause of Osteoporosis in women is the lack of the hormone Estrogen while the main cause in men is the lack of the hormone Androgen. White and Asian descents are more at risk of being affected by osteoporosis, particularly women. The risk also increases as one ages. More risk factors include the lack of vitamin D and exercise. Medications can also interfere with the process of bone formation.

Vitamin D is a factor that contributes to the development of osteoporosis, and specific populations are at high risk for Vitamin D deficiency. This deficiency is currently being overlooked in populations with high risk patients, thus causing more health-related issues. It is important to pay attention to Vitamin D deficiency because it is essential to build and maintain strong bones, and it helps the human body use calcium from the diet. Additionally, Vitamin D deficiency is associated with multiple bone diseases which can cause deformities. It plays an important role in keeping the human body healthy, however, it is often overlooked so it must be addressed.

Although vitamin D3 plays a vital role in bone metabolism, it has a wide range of physiological functions in many other tissues and its deficiency contributes to the pathogenesis of several major diseases, including obesity and metabolic syndrome.[14]