Osteoporosis In Japanese Americans

Osteoporosis is a medical condition in which the bones become brittle from the loss of tissue, generally as a result of specific changes. Risk factors that take part in the disease are things such as unchangeable risks like sex, age, race, family history and the size of the individual. Other risk factors include hormone levels and medication as well as dietary factors and life choices. Life choices that play a role are sedentary lifestyle these are people who spend a lot of time sitting have a higher risk of osteoporosis than do their more-active counterparts, weight-bearing exercise is beneficial for your bones to ensure the bone remolding cycle ensures them to grow strong (MayoClinic, 2013). Common symptoms that one should take into

(Kling, J. M., Clarke, B. L., & Sandhu, N. P., 2014, p. 567). Osteoporosis risk factors

Osteoporosis is a condition involving the thinning of bones(bone demineralisation), leaving them brittle and more susceptible to fracture. 99% of calcium is stored in the bones, so sufficient calcium is important in order to maintain or reach peak bone mass(PBM). Osteoporosis mainly effects the older population, with 19.8 million people over the age of 50 in the UK.

Throughout this research, a study of multiple primary sources were utilized to apprehend information about the evolution of Japanese American women.The primary quantative research information as mainly taken from “Issei, Nisei, Warbride” by Evelyn Nakano Glenn, which thoroughly describes the two earlier generation and some of the struggles they faced coming to the United States. I also utilized njahs.org in order to gather some information about the main difference of the Issei, Nisei,and Sansei. Also it provide great information about what were some opportunities they were able to attain because they were a Sansei women.lastly i utilized a few articles from the Amerasia Journal

As generally stated in the introduction, osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder that involves the strength and integrity of one’s bones. The WHO defines osteoporosis as, “a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low-bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue, increased bone fragility, and its susceptibly to recurrent fractures.” 2 The most important factor to take into account when addressing osteoporosis is the mass of bone, also referred to as, bone mineral density (BMD). As bone mass begins to decline, typically in the older population, specifically postmenopausal women, individuals are at an increased risk for fractures.3 As a result of this serious condition, many people are affected by morbidity, mortality, and economic difficulty.1

Osteoporosis is a detrimental bone condition, the tissue in the bones deteriorate and thus the bones become progressively brittle which presents a risk for rupture. Osteoporosis impacts more than 44 million Americans and is linked to a suggested 2 million bone fractures each year. According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation, the amount of fissures due to osteoporosis may escalate above 3 million by the year 2025. Osteoporosis is typically undetected and advances with slight warning signs until a fissure ensues. Effects of osteoporosis encompass height reduction and a curved upper back, anyone can have osteoporosis, however it is prevalent in elderly women and many may break a bone due to this condition. Recovery and prevention are vital in combating osteoporosis, though it may never be eradicated one can take measures to stabilize bone density and gain strength.

As the Japanese began migrating to the United States in 1885, throughout the decades, the cultural integration and assimilation of the western culture has been embedded into the Japanese Americans. Early traditional Japanese immigrants are called Issei and the second-generation Japanese Americans who were born and educated in the U.S. are called Nisei (Lipson & Dibble, 2008). Health beliefs and practices vary among the different generation of the Japanese, however, many of their

396). When blood calcium needs to be replenished, the trabecular bone gives up minerals. The loss of trabecular bone is significantly apparent in men and women in their 30s. However, the trabecular bone can start to desintegrate whenever calcium withdrawals exceed deposits. Furthermore, cortical bone also gives up calcium, however this occurs at a slower and steadier pace. The cortical bone begins to give up ususally around someone in their 40s. Therefore, as bone loss continues, bone density begins to decline, which causes osteoporosis to become apparent. For instance, "Bones become so fragil that even the body's own weight can overburden the spine - vertebrae may suddenly disintegrate and crush down, painfully pinching major nerves" (Whitney & Rolfes, 2013, p. 396). Nonmodifiable risk factors for osteoporosis tend to occur in the older age, female gender, smaller frame Caucasian, Asian, or Hispanic/Latino. In addition, it occurs in people with family history of osteoporosis or fractures. However, modifiable risk factors include, sedentary lifestyle, diet inadequare in clacium and vitamin D, diet excessive in protein, sodium, caffeine, cigarrette smoking, alcohole abuse and low

M. Worth, H. Kato, G. G. Rhoads, A. Kagan, and S. L. Syme, are trying to discover whether or not if there are any reliable differences regarding the mortality rates from the causes of stroke or coronary heart disease (CHD) between Japanese American men that reside in Honolulu and San Francisco and Japanese men that reside in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. According to the study, the stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD) and total mortality are assessed from death certificates Japanese men whose ages range from 45-64 years old that resided in Hiroshima and Nagasaki during the time period of 1965-1970, that resided in Honolulu during the time period of 1966-1970, and that resided in the San Francisco area during the time period of 1968-1972. The study examines the validation of underlying cause of death certificate in Japan and Hawaii to determine what the statistics were regarding the number of Japanese American males who died aged 45-64 years old. The study also examines the estimated error in death certification of coronary heart disease and stroke in Japan and Hawaii to monitor the detection rate and confirmation rate of Japanese American males who died from a stroke or a chronic health

C.L. Himes Obesity, disease, and functional limitation in later life Demography, 37 (2000), pp. 73–82

There are numerous examples of Hispanic and Asian elders whose health is better than their socioeconomic status might predict. One possible explanation can be found in positive psychology which shows that certain expectations can be met if the person avoids negative emotional challenges. The study found that culture, SES and ethnicity is often associated negatively with health and access to resources.

Race (African-Americans, American Indians, and Mexican-Americans are more likely to have heart disease than Caucasians)

Current statistics say that more than 1 billion adults worldwide are overweight, 300 million being clinically obese and at risk for serious diseases (Senauer & Gemma, 2006). The US topped the world list of developed countries with 30%, according to 2005 OECD ranking. Mexico, UK, Slovakia, Greece, Australia and New Zealand followed with more than 20%. At the bottom were South Korea and Japan with a shared rate of 3.2%. Current US statistics show that 66.5% of Americans have more than 25 BMI, indicating obesity (Senauer & Gemma) There was a dramatic increase in incidence in the past two decades and which have remained high since then (CDC, 2010). As of 2010, all the Sates had a prevalence of more than 20%, 36 of which had 25% or more. Of this number 12 had a prevalence of 30% or more (CDC).

Osteoporosis is a severe metabolic bone disease that often results in hip fracture and is typically asymptomatic in its early stages. Since the bulk of bone formation occurs during childhood and adolescence, it is essential to begin primary prevention at an early age, although the best way for instilling this preventive behavior in young female has not yet been well-defined. Taking health beliefs into consideration when planning and implementing educational interventions may be useful in both practice and research for osteoporosis prevention and treatment (McLeod, and Johnson, 2011).

Abstract: Some of the demographics of Japan are discussed. It’s listed that Japan’s official language is Japanese and they support a population of 127,176 million as of 2010. Japan has a climate that varies from the Southern tropic to the cool temperate of its north and a rugged mountainous terrain. The Japanese American immigrants were affected by the Immigration Act of 1965 which increased the amount of immigrants though not to the extent that it increased the other Asian American groups. They were also greatly affected by World War II when many were forced into camps.