Osteoporosis In Japanese Americans

Nationally, 37.9 percent of Americans adults were obese in 2013-2014. Obesity started increasing dramatically between 2003-2004 and 2011- 2012. Obesity rates have tripled since CDC (Centers for Disease Control) first began tracking them in 1960, and ever since 1980s they have doubled (Obesity Rates & Trends Overview P8). American women obesity rates (40.4 percent) are much higher than men (35.0 percent). Back in 2011-2014 middle aged Americans ages 40-59 had the highest rates of obesity compared to any other age group (41.0 percent) after them it was senior citizens ages 60 and older with the rate of 38.5 percent and then at the very end young adults ages 20-39 with the rate of 34.3 (Obesity Rates & Trends Overview

Depression may come about as a result of domestic violence on the part of the women. Very minimal research, however, it is looked into the possible variation in this connection between different racial groups. This paper majorly examines the connection existing between depression and obesity among non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Mexican American women. Results obtained in this study reveals that, while there is a connection between obesity and depression among women, racial and ethnic differences play a role in obesity occurrence. The key to this article by Hicken and team is this research paper. As it provides the epidemiological facts about obesity across ethnic and racial differences. Understanding the reasons that result is such differences in occurrence would be important in dealing with the problem of obesity across different racial and ethnic lines. Scientific research has shown that individuals change in a way where they metabolize drugs. This issue, among others, could be the reason why the amount of obesity varies among Whites and Mexican or Black American women. Poof of such factors will create a new possibilities where drugs will be created according to an individual’s genetic makeup. A promise has made for the future, where drugs are well improved and also the safety of reducing deaths. Obesity is one of the disease that have been shown to

Osteoporosis is a major public health concern that greatly affects the elderly population. Osteoporosis is typically diagnosed and most prevalent in the older population due to the natural aging process. As one ages, bone integrity begins to decline and can influence many aspects of one’s life. As the prevalence continues to increase, focus is placed not only on treatment methods for those diagnosed, but also early prevention methods for those at an early age.1 These treatment and prevention methods of osteoporosis, specifically exercise testing and prescription, will be continue to be discussed in more detail, as well as the scope, pathophysiology, clinical considerations, and recent topics in research.

Asian Americans experiencing few health problems related to other ethnic groups. Asian American women have the highest life expectancy (85.8 years) of any other ethnic group in the U.S. There are many risk factors in Asian American health such as fear of deportation, language and culture barriers and lack of health insurance. 2 million AAS do not have the health insurance in the US. Their most high incidence of health conditions are cancer, heart disease, stroke, diabetics, COPD, Hepatitis B, HIV, TB and lung disease. In 2012, tuberculosis was 24 times more

The body can synthesize vitamin D with the help of sunlight, from a precursor that the body makes from cholesterol. Osteoporosis is, " any failure to synthesize adequate vitamin D or obtain enough from foods sets the stage for a loss of calcium from the bones, which can result in fractures" (Whitney & Rolfes, 2013, p. 349). There are several common risk factors for developing osteoporosis, which lead to the condition of reduced bone density.

Japanese faced a bad life discrimination. They were not allowed in any American store owner store because of the bombing of pearl harbor, they put on windows no Japanese allowed.

(Perpich, K.J, P.A.-C, Russ, R., Rizzolo, D., & Sedrak, M., 2011). Increased prevalence of obesity is also linked to

Throughout this research, a study of multiple primary sources were utilized to apprehend information about the evolution of Japanese American women.The primary quantative research information as mainly taken from “Issei, Nisei, Warbride” by Evelyn Nakano Glenn, which thoroughly describes the two earlier generation and some of the struggles they faced coming to the United States. I also utilized njahs.org in order to gather some information about the main difference of the Issei, Nisei,and Sansei. Also it provide great information about what were some opportunities they were able to attain because they were a Sansei women.lastly i utilized a few articles from the Amerasia Journal

“Thirty-five year old Donna Duckworth is learning how to care for her newborn of five weeks, when she bends over the baby’s crib and feels something give in her back. The next day and the following week, the pain becomes unbearable in her back. She is breast-feeding and does not want to take any medication so she lives with the intense and continuing pain. Within a few weeks, she can no longer stand it so she goes to see her physician who orders blood work, does a complete physical and as a result, sends her to see an orthopedist who x-rays and does a bone density study. The diagnosis comes back as osteoporosis and it is found she has fractured three of her lumbar and four of her cervical vertebra.”

Improved quality of life, quick and easy access to health care along with medical advances help Japan’s aging population enjoy an increased life expectancy, so much so that the Japanese older population is outnumbering the younger

With over 22.5% of the current U.S. population considered to be clinically obese, compared to only 14.5% in 1980, there does not seem to be a cessation of this epidemic in sight (Hill & Peters, 1998). Goran and Weisners' (2000) proposal that "... the inherently lower resting metabolic rate in women versus men is responsible for the higher adiposity rates in women..." is wanting, especially since the potentially modifiable factors of; less physical strength, less daily free-living physical activity, and lower total energy expenditure are more likely the cause of the differences in observed adiposity between men and women. Since our genetic makeup has not appreciably changed in the last twenty years, we cannot strictly attribute the explosion of obesity to genetics. As these biological causes of obesity are disproved, a focus on the environment as a reason for obesity is taking centre-stage.

The risk of heart disease rises as people age. Men develop an increased risk of heart disease at the ages of 45 and older, while women 55 and older are at an increased risk. “A woman’s natural hormones give some level of protection from heart disease before menopause.” (www.fda.gov) “After menopause, women develop heart disease as often as men, and women who have a heart attack don’t fare as well as men. Women are more likely than men to die from a heart attack.” (www.fda.gov) Obesity is caused by many different possible factors including “genetics, metabolic, psychological reasons, socicultural reasons, sedentary lifestyle, neuroendocrines, medicamental reasons, and high caloric nutrition.” (www.obesidad.net) Obesity is known to cause colon cancer, high blood pressure, and premature death. “Obesity is also associated with high blood cholesterol, complications of pregnancy, menstrual irregularities, hirsutism (presence of excess body and facial hair), stress incontinence (urine leakage caused by weak pelvic-floor

The researchers used the Body Mass Index (BMI) categories to classify participants in the study. The study used a two part, multi-variable model, adjusted for age, gender, race, income, education level, and type of health insurance, marital and smoking status (Arterburn, Maciejewski & Tsevat). The results of the survey are as follows:

The health disparities among the elderly Asian Americans faces with numerous illnesses and diseases, including access to care, quality of care, and challenges managing chronic illnesses. The health disparities involving the physical health concerns are cancer which is a leading cause of mortality. Heart disease included coronary artery and valve disease, the number cause of death among men and women in the United States and a major contributor to disability among older adults. Hypertension a chronic disorders especially in elderly Asian American, and including diabetes mellitus a chronic disease suffered by more than a quarter of the U.S. population older than age 65. Although, diabetes mellitus correlated by racial-ethnic demographic factors including socioeconomic and cultural factors, poverty, and

Obesity rates increased with the age of the African American women. According to the paper, “women between the ages 18 and 24 were 22.5% overweight and 37% obese, women between the ages of 25 and 34 were 33% overweight and 41% obese, and women between the ages of 35 and 40 were 25% overweight and 50% obese” (Stages of Change and Weight Loss Among Rural African American Women,2001).