Osteoporosis Is An Intricate Chronic Disease

Osteoporosis, meaning porous bone from the Greek language, is bone disease that gradually and steadily wears down bone tissue and its living cells. This wearing down will eventually cause the cells of bone tissue to degrade and die, leaving their “scaffolding” to be the only things only bone together. Without living cells to take up a home in this scaffolding, minor injuries such as falls, bumping into objects, and pressure that would normally be completely and would not pose any threat to bone tissue suddenly becomes a real hazard that can easily pose a threat to one’s well-being. Osteoporosis affects a person skeletal system.

Osteoporosis is defined as a bone disease that occurs when the body loses to much bone, produces to little or both. The lack of bone density results in brittle bones that are easily broken or fractured. This is a homeostatic condition because the rate in which bone must be produced is not meet and is significantly slower than it should be (Dr. Harvey Marcovitch ,2011). This causes the bone turnover rate to be out of equilibrium and therefore the condition of homeostasis cannot be meet. The lifestyle and habits you have contribute greatly to whether you will contract this disease.( Dr. Miriam Stoppard,2002).

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a disease that disproportionately affects postmenopausal women. It is an important disease for public health to address as it greatly contributes to frailty and risk of injury, largely due to fractures, and the associated burdens on the health care system. Literally translating to “porous bones”, osteoporosis occurs when bones lose their density, and the inner bone matrix becomes much more brittle (Figure 1).1,2 Health adult bones are in a constantly dynamic state, with living cells that multiply to grow and repair bones as we age. Bones structurally consist of a hard, calcified outer layer, and an inner matrix made of collagen and non-collagen proteins.3 Healthy bone mass, and the structure of this inner matrix, is maintained through processes called resorption and remodeling.1 Resorption occurs as some cells dissolve bone matrix for the body to reabsorb and reuse the minerals, and remodeling occurs simultaneously as other cells deposit new bone matrix proteins to replace the dissolved minerals. Each remodeling activity is associated with a slight net loss in bone mass, and as such, healthy adults achieve peak bone density in their early 20s, and bone density gradually declines thereafter.1,4

Bone is a living tissue with its own supply of blood and nerves. Bone remodeling is the process of bone being destroyed or bone resorption, or mineralization. Two types of cells are involved osteoblast for rebuilding and osteoclasts for destroying. Bone turnover is the rate of bone remodeling and five times higher for children than adults. The spongy bone is located at the ends with red bone marrow and most in. Osteoporosis is a disease which is a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) which mainly affects the spongy bone. This decrease in BMD causes an increase of fractures. The normal bone loses BMD and osteopenia develops first which progresses to osteoporosis. BMD peaks at twenty to thirty years of age and declines. The ranges of BMD could be as high as 1200 mg/cm dropping to 400 mg/cm in osteoporosis state. The risk factors for osteoporosis are low BMD from aging and vitamin D synthesis, less gastric juice for absorbing calcium, postmenopausal due to decreased estrogen amounts. People with low body weight have lower BMD and at risk for osteoporosis. Smoking impairs bone remodeling and alcoholism due to poor eating and exercise habits. Fractures of bones occur mostly in the hip, spine or vertebrae and wrist and forearm. A fracture in the hip can cause more complications. Twenty percent of people with hip fractures can die within several months. Calcium and vitamin D are needed in young adults or their BMD will not reach a high enough level. A diet high in protein with low calcium will cause loss of calcium in the urine. Weight bearing exercise stimulates the osteoblasts to build more bone. Walking is good for the legs and weight lifting for other bones. Swimming is not a good exercise for making bones stronger because the body weighs

In 2004 the Surgeon General reported more than 10 million people in the United States over the age of 50 had osteoporosis and 34 million were are at risk of developing the disease. By the end of 2020 the Surgeon General believes there will be over 50 million Americans who will be at risk for osteopathic fractures and low bone mass (Ailinger, 2005). Due to osteoporosis being a chronic diseases it does not include an agent, reservoir, or mode of transmission. This chronic disease excessively affects the elderly and can result in physical and psychosocial consequences. The pathophysiology of osteoporosis involves low bone mass and extra skeletal factors that lead to bone fractures. Every day there is a small amount of bone mineral being

According to Kohl & Murray (2012), osteoporosis is defined as a musculoskeletal disorder that results in “low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue” due to “low physical activity levels”, which increases the risk of bone fractures (p.118). Low bone mineral density (BMD) causes bones—most commonly in the hip, vertebrae, wrist, and pelvis-- to become fragile, making it easier to break. Discomfort and disability will be added to the body’s ability to function and when performing daily tasks. Among the 52 million Americans who have osteoporosis, an estimation of 2

Osteoporosis is a health problem which is on the rise and is affecting primarily women (Nichols, Pavlovic, 2003, p. 447). Osteoporosis is characterized as a disease of the bones whereas the bones becomes weak and very fragile. Many people with this disease often break bones within the hip, spine, and wrist. The bones are easily broken from a minor fall or, in severe cases, from a simple sneeze. The meaning of osteoporosis is “porous bone.” When looking at a healthy bone under a microscope, you will find the resemblance of a honeycomb. Far as osteoporosis, those holes and spaces in a honeycomb are much larger than a healthy bone (National Osteoporosis Foundation).

The word osteoporosis literally means “porous bones” where “osteo” means bones and “porosis” means porous. Osteoporosis is also called “silent” disease because it occurs without any symptoms and people come to know only after the first fracture. It has become a major global public health problem associated with mortality and socio- economic burden. It is a disease that thins and weakens the bone to a point where they become fragile and break easily. Although osteoporosis itself does not directly increase the risk of falls, people who have osteoporosis have a higher risk of breaking a bone if they fall. People with osteoporosis often breaks hip, spine, wrist and also other bones. Spine and hip fracture may lead to long-term pain, disability and even death, while Hip fractures are expensive to treat. In the US alone, health care costs from hip fractures is around $ 11 billion annually. The main goal of treating osteoporosis is to prevent such fractures in the first place as Osteoporosis has a huge medical impact and economic burden and it is of utmost importance to take steps to prevent by creating awareness among people there are many medications that would help to stop the bones from getting weaker. Recent research suggests that one year after the first major osteoporotic fracture the risk of second fracture goes up by three times when compared to the general population and the risk factor doubles in ten years (Harvey, 2016). This result suggest that

It is constantly broken down by cells called osteoclasts and built up again by cells called osteoblasts. This process is called bone remodeling, and it continues throughout an individual's life. Normally, more bone is built up than is broken down from birth through adolescence. In the late teens or early 20s, people reach their peak bone mass--the most bone that they will ever have. For 20 or so years, bone gain and bone loss remain approximately balanced in healthy people with good nutrition. However, when women enter menopause, usually in their mid to late forties, for the first five to seven years bone loss occurs at a rate of 1-5% a year. Men tend to lose less bone, and the loss often begins later in life. Osteoporosis occurs when bone loss continues and bones become so thin and their internal structure is so damaged that they break

To understand osteoporosis, it is important to learn about the bone. Bone is a living, growing tissue that is formed by specialized cell. It provides structure and support, protect the organs and store 99% of the body's calcium; It needs exercise to gain strength. It is made up mostly of collagen, a protein that provides a soft framework, and calcium phosphate, a mineral that adds strength and hardens the framework. The combination of both collagen and calcium phosphate makes the bone both flexible and strong.

Definition. Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease that is characterized by low bone mass along with continuous loss of bone tissue with increased fracture risk. The pathology is multi-factorial and there are several modifiable and non-modifiabale factors that contribute to the development of this disease. According to the World Health Organization, osteoporosis is defined as a systemic skeletal disease illustrated by a decrease in bone mass and bone tissue, causing a decrease in bone and a subsequent increase in fracture risk (1).

With millions of families affected by osteoporosis, it is imperative that we encourage early prevention and continued medical research aimed at finding a cure. I am confident that with continued awareness and dedication, we can acquire a cure in the near future.

Two hundred and six individual bones compose the adult human skeleton. In addition to providing structure and protection for our most vital organs, bones store minerals and aid in blood cell production. They are considered to be just as much a vital organ as the heart or liver. Under normal circumstances, throughout a person’s life as older bone is broken broken down it is immediately rebuilt and replaced but when there is an imbalance in this delicate cycle the bones integrity becomes compromised. Osteoporosis, meaning porous bone, is a disease that occurs when an individual loses too much bone mass, makes to little or a combination of both. This imbalance leaves the bones weak and brittle putting an individual at risk for break or

The National Osteoporosis Foundation1 (NOF) claim approximately 54 million Americans live with osteoporosis. According to the NOF, osteoporosis can be characterized as a disorder in which an individual’s body breaks down bone at a rate faster than it can be created and as a result bones lose density and weaken.1 Fracturing of bones occurs much easier, and individuals with osteoporosis often are forced to change their lifestyles in order to adapt to living with this disorder.1 Osteoporosis is most commonly diagnosed in individuals older than 50 years of age, postmenopausal women, and those taking steroid treatments.1 Certain criterion exist to evaluate the efficacy of osteoporosis medications: bone mineral density (BMD), bone

Bone density is made up by about 20% of your lifestyle and 80% is from your heredity. Osteoporosis is a bone disease that decreases bone density. Characteristics of this disease include: decreased height, increased curve of the spine, and falling due to fractures. Since osteoporosis affects bones only, it does not affect any other body systems except for the skeletal system. The cause of osteoporosis occurs as people become older. Their bone mass is lost faster than it is created, unlike when people are younger their body makes bone faster than it breaks it down. Chemically osteoporosis decreases calcium intake, lowers vitamin D level, increased bone resorption, and hyperparathyroidism can result.