Osteosarcoma

This cancer is a bone cancer that attack the bones, especially large bones. This cancer is named osteogenic sarcoma(Osteosarcoma) for medical term (“Osteosarcoma”, n.d.). Osteosarcoma mostly affects people under 25 years old, and it can affect old people but it is really rare(“Osteosarcoma: An Introduction.”, 2012). When this cancer attacks, it grows bones, and any type of bone (“Bone cancer”,2013). This cancer is an ancient disease that we started to recognize in 1805. Most of the symptoms are on the bones (“Bone cancer”,2013). It also is not contagious so its not passed from person to person like other diseases.

Osteosarcoma is an ancient disease that still has some mystery behind it. Osteosarcoma is a type of cancer that starts in the bones. It is also the most common type of bone cancer, and makes up 65% of all bone cancer. However, it is a very rare cancer and has fewer than 20,000 cases per year in The USA. The cells that form an osteosarcoma make bone matrix, similar to osteoblasts. However, the bone matrix of an osteosarcoma is not as strong as a bone matrix from an osteoblast, and therefore is not as strong as normal bones. The most common age group affected by osteosarcoma is children and young adults. However, osteosarcoma can occur at any age. Osteosarcoma is most commonly found in areas of the bone that grow quickly, which is why children are more likely to get this type of cancer. The most common place to find osteosarcoma is the end of long bones, especially in the knee, distal femur, and proximal tibia. The proximal humerus is typically the most common site. The treatments of

during adolescent growth, which could be why 80% of all osteosarcoma childhood cases occur in the lower long bones and at the time of puberty (Mirabello & Savage 5). The chances of a cell dividing uncontrollably are increased at a time of rapid cell growth when there is many more cells dividing that could go suddenly go uncontrolled, and therefore the answer of how osteosarcoma is ignited could lie in puberty. On the contrary, the answer may be found in a small gene that prevents osteosarcoma patients from responding well to the chemotherapy treatment.

James R. Ewing first described Ewing Sarcoma in 1921. It was a “diffuse endothelioma of bone” as he say. He realized that his highly aggressive bone cancer was extremely sensitive to radiation therapy. The exact causes for this cancer is still unknown until this day. Some children it can develop in for no apparent reason after they are born. This cancer is not infectious, so it’s not contagious at all. The symptoms may include bone pain,

It is known to have some correlation to a tumor suppressor gene that can run in families, but is not been known to cause every case of osteogenic sarcoma. Even though healthcare professionals haven't found the direct cause there are some patients that have a better chance of developing the disease from their pre existing conditions. This disease has been known to link with familial retinoblastoma. Children that have familial retinoblastoma are more likely to develop Osteogenic sarcoma during development in their adolescent years. Before becoming very serious there are symptoms that you can notice. Some symptoms include: pain in the affected bone, limping, pain when lifting, and redness around area. Pain in the affected bone can come and go and the severity changes over time as well. Limping is caused by tumors in the legs, as the tumor grows it causes swelling and redness around area. Pain when lifting is also caused by tumors. Sometimes the first sign is a bone fracture. Some diagnostic tests include an X-ray, CT, or MRI, these tests can show the characteristics of the tumor. A biopsy can also determine what kind of tumor is causing the problems and aid in treatment. One good thing about Osteogenic sarcoma is that in most children it can be cured even though it varies between patients. Treatment usually lasts 5 to 8

Cancer affects individuals from all backgrounds, regardless of class, age, gender or ethnicity. It is known to be the leading cause of death in many countries (World Health Organization, 2013). According to the Canadian Cancer Society (2013) approximately half of all Canadians will develop cancer at some point during their lifetime. There are many different types of cancers affecting various regions of the body. A sarcoma is one classification of cancer that arises from connective tissues present in the body including bone, fat, muscles, blood vessels or the linings of joints (American Cancer Society, 2014). Rhabdomyosarcoma is defined as a cancerous tumor of undifferentiated skeletal muscle, and generally involves regions of the head and neck (Ojo, Si, Pelaez, & Younis, 2014). Rhabdomyosarcoma can be classified into three main types: embryonal, alveolar and anaplastic (Kikuchi et al., 2013). The purpose of this paper is to explore the disease process of rhabdomyosarcoma and analyze the findings relative to nursing practice.

Out of all bone cancers, Osteosarcoma is the most common type. It effects about 3% of children with cancer

Background and problem to be addressed: According to the American Association of Orthopedic Surgeon’s (AAOS), chondrosarcomas are the second leading cause of bone cancers, as well as the most difficult to treat (1). Currently, the only effective treatment includes chemotherapy and wide surgical resection of the bone and cartilaginous tissue surrounding the tumor, which is incredibly invasive and painful for the patient (2). Depending on the location of the tumor, however, surgical resection might not always be possible. Also, if the margin is not wide, the tumor can recur. Alternatives to resection include debulking and intralesional surgery, but these are associated with a recurrence rate of up to 93% (3,4). Therefore, developing a less-invasive alternative treatment would be a significant advancement in quality of life for patients with chondrosarcomas.

Osteosarcoma, being the primary bone cancer often occurs in people within the ages of ten and thirty. As a primary bone cancer, an assumption would be made that the higher percentage would be in elders, however they consume a very small percentage. It is also very unlikely for a middle aged person to develop but can happen in rare cases. Osteosarcoma is defined as- a type of

This “diagnostic dilemma” may bring on consequences for the patient, as histologic variations of AOTs presenting similar features to other odontogenic tumors or cysts may have unspecific clinical and radiographic features that overlap with those of other odontogenic tumors, which reinforces the fundamental role of microscopic examination in diagnosis to ensure appropriate treatment.

Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is an uncommon developmental cyst of the jaw thought to arise from remnants of the dental lamina. Fatih ASUTAY1,Jahanshah In 1987, Padayachee and Van Wyk presented multilocular cystic lesions that were similar to botryoid odontogenic cysts and suggested the name ‘‘sialo-odontogenic cyst due to the presence of mucous cells and pools of mucin in the epithelial lining, and due to the fact that mucous pools are often lined by eosinophilic cuboidal cells which resemble salivary gland ducts Nigel Roque Figueiredo1 ˙Ismail Akkas

Chondroblastoma, also known as Codman’s tumor, is a rare benign bone tumor that accounts for one percent of all primary bone tumors (Chen & DiFrancesco, 2017). It is predominate in men, with a 2:1 ratio, and the targeted age is broad. The age range for chondroblastoma is between 2 to 83 years, but the average age range, when it is diagnosed, is between 19 to 23 years (Chen & DiFrancesco, 2017). Histologically, the tumor is caused by proliferation of the chondroblasts and other components, such as mature cartilage, calcification, giant cells, and formation of aneurysmal bone cysts (De Mattos, Angsanuntsukh, Arkader & Dormans, 2013).The tumor is usually seen in the epiphysis, or apophysis, and metaphysis of long bones.

It can occur at any age, but more commonly presents in second or third decade of life with a slight preponderance to occur more in females in a ratio of 1.22:1.2 It is a focal reactive lesion of gingiva, which is non-neoplastic with tumor-like appearance often arising from the maxillary anterior region from the interdental papilla. The confusion with this lesion often arises with its clinical presentation which mostly resembles like Pyogenic Granuloma (PG), it can be well differentiated from other fibrous proliferative lesions by the presence of various types of calcifications such as mature lamellar bone, immature bone, dystrophic calcification which are more common in initial lesions and even lamellar bone in case of older lesions.3 The diagnosis of such a condition is purely by histopathological examination. The treatment is surgical excision of the lesion including the underlying periosteum to reduce recurrence after elimination of all local

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a benign epithelial odontogenic tumor, characterized by slow and progressive growth. The central lesions, when associated with a non-erupted permanent tooth, are the follicular types. Histological variants of the tumor or combined lesions may hinder the diagnosis, resulting in the inadequate planning of treatment, which may affect the patient´s prognosis. The aim of this study is to report a case of a wide follicular AOT on a less frequent location, with extensive calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) - like histopathological areas, which was treated by surgical excision as a combined epithelial tumor. Afterward surgery, the teeth displaced by the tumor were repositioned with orthodontic treatment,

Based on the origins and interactions of the odontogenic tissues in tumor development; odontogenic neoplasms are classified into three subtypes groups and may be characterized as epithelial, mesenchymal, or mixed. These lesions encompass a heterogeneous group that is categorized from hamartomas to benign and rare malignant neoplasms with variable aggressiveness. The molecular pathogenesis of odontogenic tumors remains unclear, assessment of cellular markers is suitable for the better understanding of the biologic behavior of these