Osteosarcoma Research Paper

     Several tests can be run once symptoms are noticed to earmark the disease with a proper diagnosis. Some of the tests include; a biopsy of the tumor, X-rays, a CT scan, a skeletal survey, bone scans or bone marrow aspiration (fluid sample) and biopsy (tissue sample). Once diagnosed, the treatments begin to hinder any advancement the cancer would or could make. Possibly removing the cancer completely through surgery is a possibility, while others include chemotherapy, radiation treatment, and bone marrow transplantation. Many times these treatments can be used concurrently with one another.

Osteosarcoma is also called osteogenic sarcoma in medical term (“Osteosarcoma”, n.d.). This cancer usually develops in growing bones. Although it can occur at any age, it‘s most commonly found in teenagers and young adults and is slightly more common in males than females. Any bone in the body can be affected, but the most common sites are the arms or legs, particularly around the knee joint(“Osteosarcoma: An Introduction.”, 2012). This cancer is caused by benign tumors and other bone diseases, radiation exposure, genetic factors, children, adolescents, males more than females.(“Osteosarcoma: An Introduction.”, 2012)

The tumor doesn’t have a specific location of origin; therefore occurring anywhere in the body, most often staring in long bones of the legs, arms, chest, the pelvis, skull or the flat bones of the trunk. It is also common that the tumor often spreads (metastasizes) to the lungs, other bones, bone marrow, and soft tissue, such as cartilages and nerves. It is normally seen that about one-third of the children with Ewing’s sarcoma has spread through the body during the duration of the diagnosis.

Osteosarcoma is an ancient disease that still has some mystery behind it. Osteosarcoma is a type of cancer that starts in the bones. It is also the most common type of bone cancer, and makes up 65% of all bone cancer. However, it is a very rare cancer and has fewer than 20,000 cases per year in The USA. The cells that form an osteosarcoma make bone matrix, similar to osteoblasts. However, the bone matrix of an osteosarcoma is not as strong as a bone matrix from an osteoblast, and therefore is not as strong as normal bones. The most common age group affected by osteosarcoma is children and young adults. However, osteosarcoma can occur at any age. Osteosarcoma is most commonly found in areas of the bone that grow quickly, which is why children are more likely to get this type of cancer. The most common place to find osteosarcoma is the end of long bones, especially in the knee, distal femur, and proximal tibia. The proximal humerus is typically the most common site. The treatments of

Osteosarcoma(OS) is a primary malignant tumor of bone which is characterized by the formation of osteoid tissue. Although it is the most common malignancy of long bones after multiple myeloma [2], it is a relatively rarer entity in the craniofacial region. About 6% of Oss arise in the jaws .The estimated incidence of the new cases of Jaw OS (JOS) per year is 0 .07 in 100,000. (1) The etiology of OS is unknown, but some risk factors such as a previous history of ionizing radiation, alkylating agent, retinoblastoma and benign bone lesions such as paget disease and fibro osseous dysplasia have been associated with the development of head and neck OS.(2-4) JOS occur with a peak in the third through fifth decades of life. The mean age is

The extensiveness of treatment for an ABC depends on the location, severity, and progression of the disease. Although the treatment spectrum ranges from minimally invasive to more invasive procedures, the standard of therapy is to resect the lesion and prevent it from returning in the future (Dhanasekaraprabu et al., 2013). However, complete resection is not always possible. For instance, it is difficult to completely remove lesion tissue from the proximal region of the metaphysis, and incomplete removal of the tissue leaves the patient susceptible to the development of another lesion at the site (Dormans et al., 2004). Cysts located at the proximal region of the femur are especially at an increased risk of recurrence (Mankin et al. 2005).

It is known to have some correlation to a tumor suppressor gene that can run in families, but is not been known to cause every case of osteogenic sarcoma. Even though healthcare professionals haven't found the direct cause there are some patients that have a better chance of developing the disease from their pre existing conditions. This disease has been known to link with familial retinoblastoma. Children that have familial retinoblastoma are more likely to develop Osteogenic sarcoma during development in their adolescent years. Before becoming very serious there are symptoms that you can notice. Some symptoms include: pain in the affected bone, limping, pain when lifting, and redness around area. Pain in the affected bone can come and go and the severity changes over time as well. Limping is caused by tumors in the legs, as the tumor grows it causes swelling and redness around area. Pain when lifting is also caused by tumors. Sometimes the first sign is a bone fracture. Some diagnostic tests include an X-ray, CT, or MRI, these tests can show the characteristics of the tumor. A biopsy can also determine what kind of tumor is causing the problems and aid in treatment. One good thing about Osteogenic sarcoma is that in most children it can be cured even though it varies between patients. Treatment usually lasts 5 to 8

There are hundreds and hundreds of various types of cancer, but the number one thing that cancers all have in common is that they occur when abnormal cells in a part of the body begin to grow uncontrollably. Osteosarcoma or osteogenic sarcoma is a type of cancer that starts by an abnormal growth of cells in the bones. Osteosarcoma is not considered to be a common type of cancer in general; however, it is the most frequently diagnosed bone tumor in adolescents and young adults accounting for nearly 3% of childhood cancers (Childhood Cancer Types/Common Cancers in Children", n.d.). It is important as advanced practice nurse to be aware of this very common condition in children, so that they receive the best care and treatment options available.

To illustrate the danger of canine osteosarcoma, imagine a ten-year-old Saint Bernard that has symptoms of bone cancer. The dog has extreme bone pain and loss of appetite. The dog’s owner and veterinarian decide to give the Saint Bernard pain medication. A few months later, the dog cannot walk and dies. Unfortunately, osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone cancer in larger dogs and there is no cure. The most effective way to treat canine osteosarcoma is with amputation and chemotherapy because it manages bone pain, improves the survival time, and increases the survival rate.

In cases where it cannot be operated on, chemotherapy maybe be given first to try to shrink the tumor. If the chemotherapy is successful, surgery will be performed followed by more chemotherapy. Which drugs are used to treat the cancer depend largely on which drug(s) the patient received (if any) during his or her previous course of treatment and how much time has passed since he or she was treated with the

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the orbit is a disease of the skeletal system. In this scientific journal a twenty-two year old man who had multiple symptoms, including: increased swelling of the left eye and occasional pain. At first the patient seemed perfectly healthy with no symptoms indicative of cancer. His vision and ocular movement were up to par. However, a CT scan revealed a homogeneous mass in the left orbit. The tumor was not attached to the bone so the diagnosis is extraskeletal osteosarcoma. The patient underwent left frontal transcranial orbitotomy and complete removal of the tumor. This type of cancer is usually only present in the patient’s 40th or 50th years of life.

These tumors tend to be up to 5cm on average, but may be several times this size as well. Studies report that up to 90% of these tumors are benign, with around 10 to 15% of them being malignant. While benign tumors do not metastasize to distant sites, they tend to grow very aggressively and may recur locally. Their malignant counterparts behave like sarcomas and metastasize via the blood. The lungs are the most common site of metastasis. Other areas of spread include the heart, skeleton and liver. Most patients with metastasis cannot be cured and do no survive longer than 3 years after they have been initially

Tumor induced Osteomalacia is a very rare acquired neoplasm of mesenchymal origin that causes a paraneoplastic syndrome of renal phosphorus loss through the secretion of phosphatonins. The molecules are fibroblast growth factors. Whereas, the patient is a 35-year-old male who is married with two kids. Started having sever pain in his left calf about 8 years ago, which has now moved to all four of his limbs. He has no fever or weight loss of any kind since these symptoms have started. The patient has normal bowl and bladder function. The pain as gotten worse so he is seeing a neurologist to be evaluated. The 35-year-old male is bound to a wheelchair and is bed ridden do to his symptoms. He Depends on others to take care of him and all this

Osteopathic treatment is a manual and safe therapy, in which the professionals use several hands-on techniques for the overall well being of the individuals. They evaluate the root cause of the patients after interviewing them. The diverse healing methods used to ease the discomfort are manipulation, soft tissue work, ultrasound and exercises.

In cases of primary bone sarcoma ( cases of osteosarcoma and the cases of chondrosarcoma , myeloma, and lymphoma ) a wide resection of the tumor was done through an