Osteosarcoma Research Paper

2). In addition, this disease causes death, short stature, blindness, and hearing loss. “Seventy percent of children with malignant infantile osteoporosis die by the age of six years, and almost 100 percent do not live to the age of 10 years” (Stocks et al., p. 2). The main cause of death is bone marrow failure, due to non-functioning osteoclasts. Some children will also have delays in muscle coordination, nerve compression, low levels of iron, crossed eyes, tooth decay, abnormal hardening of the bones, and fractures. (“Osteopetrosis,” 2008).

Osteosarcoma is also called osteogenic sarcoma in medical term (“Osteosarcoma”, n.d.). This cancer usually develops in growing bones. Although it can occur at any age, it‘s most commonly found in teenagers and young adults and is slightly more common in males than females. Any bone in the body can be affected, but the most common sites are the arms or legs, particularly around the knee joint(“Osteosarcoma: An Introduction.”, 2012). This cancer is caused by benign tumors and other bone diseases, radiation exposure, genetic factors, children, adolescents, males more than females.(“Osteosarcoma: An Introduction.”, 2012)

The tumor doesn’t have a specific location of origin; therefore occurring anywhere in the body, most often staring in long bones of the legs, arms, chest, the pelvis, skull or the flat bones of the trunk. It is also common that the tumor often spreads (metastasizes) to the lungs, other bones, bone marrow, and soft tissue, such as cartilages and nerves. It is normally seen that about one-third of the children with Ewing’s sarcoma has spread through the body during the duration of the diagnosis.

Osteosarcoma is an ancient disease that still has some mystery behind it. Osteosarcoma is a type of cancer that starts in the bones. It is also the most common type of bone cancer, and makes up 65% of all bone cancer. However, it is a very rare cancer and has fewer than 20,000 cases per year in The USA. The cells that form an osteosarcoma make bone matrix, similar to osteoblasts. However, the bone matrix of an osteosarcoma is not as strong as a bone matrix from an osteoblast, and therefore is not as strong as normal bones. The most common age group affected by osteosarcoma is children and young adults. However, osteosarcoma can occur at any age. Osteosarcoma is most commonly found in areas of the bone that grow quickly, which is why children are more likely to get this type of cancer. The most common place to find osteosarcoma is the end of long bones, especially in the knee, distal femur, and proximal tibia. The proximal humerus is typically the most common site. The treatments of

I have a few reasons on wanting to examine this topic. I will probably never be able to understand exactly why or how cancer forms or why it affects certain people, I want to try to continue my research over this type of cancer because it is one that has greatly affected my family. The purpose for this paper is to give my audience a better understanding of osteosarcoma and the way it is formed and the symptoms, what metastasized forms of cancer are, and why osteosarcoma mostly happens in children and young

Osteoclasts break down bone tissue during the remodeling of bones. The malignant infantile form happens when an infant inherits a copy of the defective gene from both of the parents. For the adult form to occur, however, only one defective gene is necessary. Most of the time, however, the inherited gene is not what causes osteopetrosis. Normally the adult form is caused by a newly formed defective gene that came about at the time of

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children. It makes up a little more than 3% of childhood

It is known to have some correlation to a tumor suppressor gene that can run in families, but is not been known to cause every case of osteogenic sarcoma. Even though healthcare professionals haven't found the direct cause there are some patients that have a better chance of developing the disease from their pre existing conditions. This disease has been known to link with familial retinoblastoma. Children that have familial retinoblastoma are more likely to develop Osteogenic sarcoma during development in their adolescent years. Before becoming very serious there are symptoms that you can notice. Some symptoms include: pain in the affected bone, limping, pain when lifting, and redness around area. Pain in the affected bone can come and go and the severity changes over time as well. Limping is caused by tumors in the legs, as the tumor grows it causes swelling and redness around area. Pain when lifting is also caused by tumors. Sometimes the first sign is a bone fracture. Some diagnostic tests include an X-ray, CT, or MRI, these tests can show the characteristics of the tumor. A biopsy can also determine what kind of tumor is causing the problems and aid in treatment. One good thing about Osteogenic sarcoma is that in most children it can be cured even though it varies between patients. Treatment usually lasts 5 to 8

It is well known that the highest incidence of osteosarcoma is found in children during early adolescence between the ages of 10 and 14; and in adults older than 65 (Langhorne et al, 2007). There is a higher incidence in children who are tall for their age (Cripe, 2013). Development of osteosarcoma in this age group, may suggest a direct correlation of rapid bone growth with the development of bone tumors (Wang, Chintagumpala, Gebhardt 2013). The risk of developing osteosarcoma during middle age decreases; however, increases again in older adults who have chronic bone conditions or disease (Wang et al, 2013). Osteosarcoma is found more often in males than females and in African Americans versus Caucasian persons (Cripe, 2013). People who have received direct ionizing radiation therapy for the treatment of other cancers may have a higher risk of developing a secondary osteosarcoma (Wang et al, 2013). Higher doses of radiation therapy and the age at which radiation treatment was received have also been associated with increased incidences (Wang et al, 2013). There are genetic syndromes that are associated with higher risk for developing osteosarcoma (Cripe, 2013). These genetic syndromes include: Retinoblastoma, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Rothmund-Thompson syndrome, and Bloom and Werner syndrome (Langhorne et al, 2007). Persons who have chronic, non-malignant bone diseases such as Paget Disease are also at higher risk of developing osteosarcoma (Wang et al,

Osteoporosis is not just an adult’s disease; there is such a thing as juvenile osteoporosis. It’s most common in children ages 8-14, but can hit younger children going through growth spurts, as well. There are two types of juvenile osteoporosis: secondary and idiopathic. Secondary osteoporosis can be caused by a variety of other medical conditions, such as diabetes, celiac disease, kidney disease, leukemia, and cystic fibrosis. Idiopathic osteoporosis is far rarer and there is no known cause.

There are 206 bones in the adult human skeleton; these bones relate to movement, posture, and protect internal organs (American society of Clinical Oncology, 2012).Bones connect to bones with ligaments and are covered and protected by cartilage (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012).Cancer of the bone is rare but is caused by normal bone marrow and tissues inside the bone that change and form tumors(American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). The tumor happens in the bone and is benign it does not spread (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). The benign tumor can press against surrounding tissues and weaken the bone it it grows big enough (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). Malignant bone tumors break the surrounding tissue and cortex, hard covering of the bone (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). The tumor can then get into the bloodstream and spread all over the body (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). Osteosarcoma and ewing sarcoma are the two most common type of bone cancer (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). Chondrosarcoma is more common in adults and is cancer of the cartilage (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). The last type of bone cancer is chordoma which usually starts in the lower spinal cord (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). Ewing sarcoma is a type of bone cancer that affects the hip, rib, and middle of bone most often (National Cancer Institution, 2015). Ewing

The impact that a badly sleeping baby has on its parents is, in one word, draining. Tired parents who try to continue to function normally while go about their daily tasks often resemble cast members from the Walking Dead zombie television show. There are a number of reasons why your baby may not be sleeping well. If you have ruled out medical issues with your paediatrician, an osteopath who is experienced in cranial manipulation should be next on your list to investigate. While putting your baby's head in a stranger's hands may immediately raise concern, there is a good reason why they can help your baby sleep better at night.

For this unit I chose Ewing's sarcoma, a malignant bone tumor, and a primary bone cancer that originates in bone cells. According to Derrer, David a medical reviewer for WebMD, Ewing's sarcoma is a family of tumors that is located in the long bones of the legs and arms, or bones in the chest, pelvis, back, or head (2014). It also develops in the skull or flat bones of the trunks. The most common symptoms of Ewing's sarcoma is pain, however symptoms might vary, depending on the size and location of the cancer. Other symptoms may also include swelling, tenderness, or stiffness in the affected area, fracture, fatigue, fever, weight loss, and anemia. The exact cause of Ewing sarcoma is not fully understood. There seems to be no known risk factors

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the orbit is a disease of the skeletal system. In this scientific journal a twenty-two year old man who had multiple symptoms, including: increased swelling of the left eye and occasional pain. At first the patient seemed perfectly healthy with no symptoms indicative of cancer. His vision and ocular movement were up to par. However, a CT scan revealed a homogeneous mass in the left orbit. The tumor was not attached to the bone so the diagnosis is extraskeletal osteosarcoma. The patient underwent left frontal transcranial orbitotomy and complete removal of the tumor. This type of cancer is usually only present in the patient’s 40th or 50th years of life.

1. Leukemias (blood cancers) and brain cancers combined account for more than half of all new cases of pediatric cancer.