Otherwise Known As Tubercular Cervical Lymphadenitis Essay

Tuberculosis has long been a disease that the human culture has been dealing with which entails significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. With dealing with such a horrific disease over the years, discoveries and evolution on the appropriate ways to contain, diagnose, and challengingly treat the disease has changed. One of the most concerning complications of this worldwide public health issue is the ability for it to quickly spread in high populated areas while becoming ever more resistant to forms of treatment not available in all locations around the world. This is a serious public

(McMurray, 2007). “The agent in this study is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, an acid fast aerobic rod that reproduces slowly and is hypersensitive to heat and ultraviolet light. TB primarily affects the respiratory system; however, it can also affect the pericardium, lymph nodes, meninges, kidneys, intestines, bones, joints, and reproductive organs” (The Merck Manual, 2014). “The transmission of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis is spread from person to person via airborne droplets through actions such as coughing, talking and sneezing. The smaller the droplet, the longer it can stay in the air after the infected person has left the area. This causes an increase in the probability of inhalation by another individual. Passing TB from a family member or co-worker is more likely than a stranger in a store or on the streets”. (Reichler et. al, 2002). Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the infectious disease agent, is readily transmitted to susceptible humans, the host, through respiratory exposure in communal settings or public gatherings, the environment. Individuals with compromised immune systems, such as cancer, being on corticosteroid therapy, and HIV/AIDS, are at greatest risk for getting TB infection. Healthcare workers are continuously exposed to illnesses at the hospitals and long term care facilities, which puts them at risk for

Tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria “Mycobacterium Tuberculosis” and is mainly causes infection of the lungs (WHO, 2016). Its mode of transmission is airborne, so it can be passed on by inhalation of airborne droplets which carrying the bacteria, when an infected patient coughs, sneezes, or spits the TB germs into the air (WHO, 1026). Among the symptoms of active TB are: cough with sputum and blood, chest pains, weakness, fever and night sweats (WHO, 2016). Most at risk to get the TB infection are people with weakened immune system such as people who are suffering from chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, severe kidney disease, silicosis and especially HIV infection (CDC, 2016). Children and Tobacco users are also at greater risk to fall ill with TB.

Tuberculosis (TB), which is brought on by contamination with an individual from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, is a noteworthy reason for incapacity and passing in numerous parts of the world. The frequency (recently reported cases) of tuberculosis in Louisiana is near the normal occurrence in the United States. . In 2013, Louisiana: Ranked eleventh among the 50 states in TB rates (3 for each 100,000 people) and 22.3% of TB cases were foreign-born people (CDC, 2015). As in the U.S., frequency has diminished

Discuss the workup of cervical lymphadenopathy. How would your recommendations differ for adult, pediatric, and geriatric patients?

When evaluating the recent onset of regional lymphadenopathy in a teenager, there are various etiologies that should be explored. Lymphadenopathy is often a benign entity that is self-limiting but can also be the presenting sign of a more serious illness. Our patient had several signs and symptoms that were concerning for both a malignant etiology as well as an infectious cause for his acute, painful lymphadenopathy. Due to the commonality and potentially serious causes of lymphadenopathy, it is important for physicians to be able properly differentiate the more commonly benign causes from the potentially serious illnesses.

TB is a major cause of mortality and morbidity globally that boils down to one small, single infection. TB can be classified into 2 stages; Latent TB and Active TB. In Latent TB, the bacteria remain in the body in an inactive or dormant state. A person will not have any symptoms because their immune mechanism has stopped the bacteria from growing. Latent TB can remain in a dormant state for year (Zager et al, 2009). However this disease can easily change to Active TB. This change mainly occurs due to the rapid increase of Mycobacterium TB within an individual when a person becomes ill or their immune system is compromise. Ninety percent of the time, those who are infected with

Evidence of tuberculosis of the cervical lymph nodes or lymph nodes of the neck termed scrofula is found in the Middle ages. It was termed as the “king’s evil” and was widely believed that the kings of England and France could cure scrofula simply by touching those affected

Tuberculosis is one of the major causes of death from many infectious diseases (3). Out of 9 million people who are infected with mycobacteria, about 2 million deaths occur from tuberculosis every year (3). Unfortunately, the prevalence of tuberculosis is in a continuous increase due to increased number of Human immunodeificnecy virus (HIV) patients, bacterial resistance to anti-tuberculous drugs, and growing number of recreational drug users (3). The pathogen responsible for bacterial infection, potentially causing tuberculosis, is mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) (2). Persons with adequate immune system can control the bacterial infection so mycobacteria remain dormant for a long time (11). In a typical tuberculous granuloma, mature

Lymphoma is a cancer that attacks the white blood cells in the immune system(Webmd, 2005). Lymphoma is also the cancer of lymph node, when the grow and divide uncontrollably (Zimmermann, 2015). There are different types of Lymphoma that form, it can be treatable and even cured (American Cancer Society, 2015). There are two main types of lymphoma: Non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin disease (Rueben, 1998). Lymphoma affects around 156,420 people (Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, 1975).

Lymphadenopathy can be due to many causes, but the 2 major ones are either infection of malignancy (Goolsby & Grubbs, 2015). If the cervical lymphadenopathy accompanies with a history of upper respiratory infection and with symptoms such as fever, sore throat, runny nose, cough, and malaise, it is most likely caused by an infection. On the other hand, if the patient presents with fatigue, malaise, weakness, anorexia, weight loss, fever, night sweats, or easily bruising, a suspicion of malignancy should be ruled out.

Mesenteric lymphadenitis is usually caused by an intestinal infection. There are about 26 meters of intestine in the abdominal cavity. The intestine is the only organ in the body which "is free to move on its cavity", but the mesentery limits movement. If it were not for the mesentery, intestines probably would perform a twist on itself, causing obstruction. The mesenteric lymphadenitis occurs mainly in children and adolescents and often mimics the signs and symptoms of appendicitis.

TBM also known as Tuberculous Meninaitis is an contagious disease stem from tuberculosis. Tuberculous Meninaitis is a meningitis due to tuberculosis and is the most severe form of tuberculosis with high morbidity and mortality. Tuberculous Meninaitis is an airborne disease that affects the lungs and could be spread by coughing, sneezing, breathing, talking, and singing. According to the (cdc) "sharing toothbrushes, hugging, and kissing does not spread the infection" because the bacteria mycobacterium turberculosis does not stick to skin and clothes but instead mycobacterium turberculosis lingers in the air. Mycobacterium turberculosis "bacteria multiplies in the lungs and passes the protective layer of the brain meninges

The 4-year old girl presented with a three month history of a swelling on the external nose with no history of nasal bleeding, nasal obstruction, or constitutional symptoms of tuberculosis. The patient had a positive history of open tuberculosis contact with her grandmother who had pulmonary tuberculosis about a year prior to the presentation of the current complaints by the patient and it was reported that the grandmother was kept on a 6-months course of Anti-tuberculous chemotherapy and was cured. On local examination the patient had well demarcated, irregularly bordered, whitish to reddish lesion on her external nose. The patient had neither palpable peripheral lymph nodes nor systemic examination abnormalities. However, the patient has

In many cases, Mycobacterium tuberculosis usually develops because of inconsistent consumptions of drugs. Most of the time, most people don’t even know they are infected until symptoms occur because this pathogen is easily transmitted through air exchange (Medline Library, 2005). Although this pathogen usually remains inactive even when it is in the immune system, it becomes