Otitis Externa Paper

American Academy of Pediatrics and American Academy of Family Physicians article regarding acute otitis media is a filtered resource. It is an appropriate source for nursing practice because; it establishes clinical guidelines to diagnose and manage AOM. It also establishes guidelines when to treat the signs and symptoms of AOM, watchful waiting, or to treat with an antibiotic. This article is classified as an evidence based guideline because, it reviews multiple research literatures in a systemic manner and provides

This evidence meets the criteria for a filtered source. It was sourced online from the Official Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics and Family Physicians. Specialists from multi medical disciplines assembled to create an integrative systematic study and review of the current evidence- based literature available for the treatment and management of Acute Otitis Media (AOM). The conclusions and findings were utilized to devise guidelines and a practice protocol that recommended early diagnosis and makes

Acute Otitis Media (AOM), inflammation or infection of the middle ear, is an illness most parents have had experience with. Countless hours of lost sleep and worry secondary to their child’s pain and distress can keep even the most seasoned parents awake at night. Before the age of 36 months, 83% of children will experience 1 or more ear infections and AOM is the most common reason for office visits of preschoolers in the United States (Zhou, Shefer, Kong & Nuorti, 2008). The graphic below serves as a review of evidence and explores the usefulness of the information in relation to the option of watchful waiting in the management of AOM.

Present Illness- Miss B reports left ear pain for the past two day. She states that the pain started as a dull left sided ache that was a 2 on the 0 out of 10 verbal pain scale and has slowly progressed to a 7 at present. She relates the pain as an ache that is not aggravated or relieved by anything. Miss B reports that she was unable to attend school today due to ache and came in for treatment. She reports that she has taken an over the counter pain reliever, unknown name and dosage, with little relief. She denies fever, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea. Miss B does report that she has not been eating as much as it seems to hurt to chew but denies difficulty swallowing. She denies change in hearing, ear canal discharge and dizziness during the ache.

Otitis Externa is most often caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Acute otitis media can be caused by bacterial or viral pathogens. Some of the pathogens associated with acute otitis media (AOM) include, S. pneumoniae, H. influenza, M. catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pyogenes. The common cold or rhinosinusitis is likely caused by rhinoviruses, adenoviruses, coronaviruses, enteroviruses, influenza and parainfluenza viruses, and respiratory syncytial virus (Burns, Dunn, Brady, Starr, & Blosser, 2013). Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) is a result of the S. pneumoniae, H. influenza, M. catarrhalis and/or B-hemolytic streptococci bacterias. Sore throats or acute pharyngitis is 90 percent of the time caused by a viruse. Bacterial sore throats are often a result of the group A streptococci bacteria. According to Burns et al., 2013, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, groups C and G streptococci, and Arcanobacterium hemolyticum can cause acute pharyngitis. Pathogens that typically cause infections of the tonsils include B-hemolytic streptococci, group D streptococcus, and S. pneumonia (Burns, et al., 2013). The pathogens involved in acute cervical adenitis include B-hemolytic strep, staphylococcus, B. heneslae, viruses, and atypical

Bilateral otoscopy examinations indicated normal pinnas, external ear canals, and tympanic membranes. A pure tone

Swimmers ear needs to be diagnosed by your local doctor, and it can be treated by antibiotics. However, when you have repeated instances of swimmers ear over the years, scar tissue begins to build up in the ear canal. This is a dual edge sword because the more scar tissue you have, the more narrow the ear canal becomes. This gives even less room for trapped water to escape, and you end up with a vicious cycle of continued infections. A build-up of scar tissue will also decrease your hearing abilities.

The patient is an eight-year old girl who is taking hydrocortisone, neomycin, and polymyxin eardrops for the diagnosis of a bacterial ear infection. The dose is 10mg (1%)/3.5mg (0.35%)/10000 units/10ml and was instructed to take this medication every six to eight hours with three drops in the affected ear. The medication has multiple classes since this medication contains multiple drugs. Hydrocortisone is a corticosteroid medication that works to decrease inflammation within the ear. Neomycin and polymyxin are within the antibacterial class and work to combat infection. The combination of the drug helps to eliminate the bacteria within the ear; decrease pain, redness, and itching that were accompanying her bacterial

When removing this patient’s cerumen, there are two factors that influence my decision to use suction as my method of removal. First of all, his cerumen is soft and near the entrance of the canal, which is ideally removed with suction. Secondly, this patient has diabetes. Diabetic patients’ cerumen has a significantly higher pH than patients without diabetes who have more acidic cerumen. Because of this, using irrigation can lead to external otitis, which can develop into pseudomonas osteomyelitis. To avoid this, it is best to avoid irrigation as a means of cerumen removal in this population.

Do you have problems with ear infections, hearing loss, headaches, fluid in the ear and sleep? These are all symptoms of an ear infection caused by bacteria and viruses that are more common in children than in adults.

Abnormal function of Eustachian tube appears to be the most important factor in the causation of different types of chronic middle ear pathology, ranging from otitis media with effusion to retraction pockets and frank cholesteatoma.(1,2,3) Eustachian tube dysfunction has been linked to pathology within the cartilaginous portion, more often than those of the bony portion. (4) This could be classified into mechanical or functional dysfunction. The mechanical type of dysfunction is attributable to conditions of infective, allergic or obstructive nature in the nose, nasopharynx or the paranasal sinuses. (3, 4) The functional dysfunction, which is due to inherent weakness of tubal muscle, has recently drawn attention in the causation of middle ear pathology. (5,6)

Infection of the middle ear has been a problem encountered in the human race, it is as old as humanity itself (Smyth, 1976).

We all know ear infections are horrible. Ear Infections are also known as Otitis media. When an abrupt infection occurs , the condition is called “ acute Otitis media .“ This can occur when you have a cold or allergies . Bacteria and Viruses can lead to the accumulation of pus

Some common pathogens that cause HEENT infections are H. influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Staphyloccoccus aureus. All three pathogens can cause conjunctivitis, H. influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae are the main two pathogens that lead to acute otitis media (AOM), and H. influenzae and Staphylcoccus aureus are known to cause sinusitis (Cash & Glass, 2014). I would recommend a limited use of antibiotics in treatment of these diseases and other unconfirmed bacterial illness, due the increase chance of antibiotic resistance. Symptom management may be all that is required, and most children will improve without being prescribed antibiotic therapy. Watchful waiting for 48-72 may be the best choice to allow the patient to improve without antibiotic treatment (Cash & Glass, 2014). As providers, getting a whole history of the presenting symptoms and the duration of the symptoms will lead to better treatment outcomes for the patient.

According to the evidence presented in the article “Diagnosis and Management of Acute Otitis Media, watchful waiting is an appropriate practice in treating children with acute otitis media (AOM) if the children meet certain guidelines. The observation practice should only be used if a parent can appropriately monitor the child; the parent has easy