Outline Of A Program On Immunization

Poliomyelitis (polio) is a disease that attacks the nervous tissue in the spinal cord and the brain stem resulting in paralysis (Document One). Polio is caused by the poliovirus, but it is unknown how this virus is acquired. The virus enters the digestive tract and stays in the intestines for up to eight weeks, and then attacks the lymphatic system, the blood stream and eventually travels to the brain and spine (Document Four). Once it is infected in one’s body, the disease is highly contagious and can be spread through contact of saliva, food, germs, or feces (Document Two). “The poliovirus causes most of its infections in the summer and fall. At one time, summer epidemics of polio were common and greatly feared” (Document Four). This may

Poliomyelitis, also called “infantile paralysis” (Swanson 1), is a virus that has been around for over 3,000 years, but had troubled scientists right up until the early 1900s when they had the resources to fully research it. This virus is part of the enterovirus division, meaning it attacks through oral ingestion and gains access to the body along the gastrointestinal tract (the tract that leads from the mouth to the anus). From the G.I. tract, it then enters the blood, through which it travels to and attacks the nervous system. Once the virus fully destroys a neuron, the neuron then cannot regenerate and therefore ends the connection between the other neurons around it. This left the infected hosts with twisted limbs, extreme muscle pain and spasms, and, in extremely severe cases, the inability to perform vital life functions. Polio can be classified into three different types, depending on which part of the nervous system it decides to attack. Spinal Poliomyelitis was the most

Poliomyelitis, commonly known as “Polio”, is an acute motor disease caused by the poliovirus that targets the anterior horn cells of the human spinal cord, and in severe cases results in acute flaccid paralysis (Alberta Health and Wellness, 2011), which can progress to permanent paralysis. It mainly affects children under the age of five, although individuals of any age may contract it (World Health Organization, 2013 [C]). Historical outbreaks, most prominently the 1916 and 1952 epidemics in the United States, led to the development of two separate vaccines: Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV), and Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV). Although polio has seen over a 99% decrease in cases since 1988 and has largely been eradicated in the

Poliomyelitis (polio) is a highly infectious disease caused by wild poliovirus. Among the 721 polio cases was detected during January 2006 - May 2016. This disease invades nervous system, can lead to paralysis within a few hours or even death. The poliovirus enters the human body through oral water or food contaminated by decal mayor of the infected person. Virus in the intestine in the proliferation of the excreted by the feces of infected persons, and can be passed to others. The initial symptoms of polio are fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, stiff neck and limb pain. This disease mainly affects children under 5 years old. There is one case of irreversible paralysis (usually legs) in 200 cases of polio infection. In paralysis, 5-10% of

Poliomyelitis is a highly contagious and aggressive virus which attacks motor neurones attached to the spinal chord and brainstem. There is no cure for Polio however there is a vaccine which contains a mixture of live and weakened strains of the three types of polio; Bulbar polio, spinal polio and bulbospinal polio. Poliomyelitis is an aggressive virus which is able to pass through the three line of defence. It is passed through the first line by the faecal/oral route and enters the bloodstream. It invades the T and B cells which are activated in the innate immune system and is fought by the antibodies in the stage of the Adaptive immune system, where symptoms are already exposed. In order to eradicate Polio more accessible treatment in developing countries as well as better sanitation is needed.

Polio is being prevented through the usage of immunisations. In the 1950s American researcher, Jonas Salk discovered that the poliovirus could be inactivated by using the chemical formaldehyde. He used this information to create a vaccine. This vaccine was tested in 1954 using hundreds of thousands of children. One batch of this vaccine hadn’t been made properly and several became sick or died. When the manufacture had improved, the vaccine was able to reduce the amount of polio cases. Polish-American doctor, Albert Sabin tested an alternate vaccine which used weakened viruses. This vaccine could be taken by mouth rather than being taken by injection. This version of the vaccine was cheaper

It invades the human nervous system and can cause complete paralysis in a matter of hours. Humans are only reservoir. The virus is mostly transmitted by person-to-person spread mainly through the fecal-oral route , less frequently, by a common vehicle for example, contaminated water or food.It multiplies in the intestine. Initial symptoms are commonly fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, stiffness of the neck and pain in the limbs. 1 in 200polio infections leads to irreversible paralysis. Among those paralyzed polio cases, 5% to 10% die of polio when their breathing muscles become paralyzed. Polio mainly affects children under 5 years of age. There is no cure for polio paralysis, it can only be prevented with multiple doses of two drops of polio

Poliomyelitis causes infection with a member of the genus called the enterovirus which is known as the poliovirus. It belongs to a group of Ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses which affects the gastrointestinal tract especially the intestine and the oropharynx. Its structure is very simple, composed of a single positive sense RNA genome which is enclosed in a protein shell called the capsid. The capsid apart from protecting the virus genetic material, it capsid protein also make the polio virus to infect some certain types of cells. There are three serotypes of poliovirus that have been identified; it includes the poliovirus type 1, poliovirus type of 2 and poliovirus 3. They all look similar but have a small different structure in its capsid protein. The poliovirus type 1 is the one that causes most of the disease and is mostly associated with paralysis.

Poliomyelitis popularly known as polio was first described by Michael Underwood in 1789. It is a highly infectious viral disease which mostly affects children. The virus is transmitted from person to person via fecal-oral route and less frequent by common vehicle route like contaminated water or food. Polio is a member of the enteroviruses which are transient inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tracts and stable at acid pH. The incubation period for poliomyelitis is 6 to 20 days with a range of 3 to 35 days. The preclinical phase of poliomyelitis varies from asymptomatic to presentation of mild systemic symptoms ranging from pharyngitis or gastroenteritis thus it can mistake at the initial stage as a minor infection. About 95%

Polio or Poliomyelitis is a viral disease which affects children. Polio is transmitted by person to person. Can be spread in many ways such as contaminated water or food, or faecal oral route. Some of the symptoms of Polio are fever, headache, vomiting, fatigue and pain the the imbs. Polio can affect the nervous systems and cause paralysis. According to the 1917 Polio Outbreak on Montpelier, Vermont, “Poliomyelitis or infantile paralysis as it then known occurred primarily in Montpelier, Vermont.” (Renee, 163) Polio start to appear in the United States in the 1893. In 1917 Vermont reported 171 cases of poliomyelitis. This disease is well know becuase affect a lot of children in the 1890s to 1950s. During these year were reported 16,000 paralytic cases every year. Poliomyelitis patients were identific as the name Polios. At the beginning people believes that Polio only affected child.

Poliomyelitis or more commonly known as polio is a viral disease. The Polio virus can fly under the radar for a while, but later the effects may show. In many cases a person may have polio but it will never affect them. The name of the virus that causes polio is the "poliovirus" it spreads extremely easily in unsanitary areas due to human waste being in the water.

The medical establishment has a number of tools to deal with contagious diseases; one of the most efficient instruments to address contagious diseases such as measles and others are chart of vaccination. Vaccination is one of the key strategies that modern medicine has to deal with. It is one of the tools that medicines used to prevent the spread of diseases in vulnerable population particularly children and aged. It has been estimated that 5.9 million deaths are avoided annually through immunisation. A polio vaccine was the first vaccine to be introduced by 1950s, and many others have been developed since then. Despite the success of these programmes, there are objection to vaccination by stakeholders based on complications in isolated

What is Poliomyelitis or better known as polio? This is a question you are Probably asking, well it's a very rare disease caused by a virus that attacks the nervous system, and can cause paralysis in the affected person. There are three types of polio there is Sub-clinical, Non-paralytic, and Paralytic. There is also something called Post- polio

In case 4, eliminating polio in Latin America and the Caribbean, polio, one of the most infectious diseases, paralyzed thousands of children every year worldwide before the oral polio vaccine was introduce in 1977. As polio intestinal virus paralysis by invading the central nervous system, the virus exponentially widespread with a series of polio outbreaks up to 15,000 cases and 1750 deaths each year in Latin America and the Caribbean. In 1985, Pan American Health organization (PAHO) began a polio eradication campaign in the region for routine immunization by Expanded Programme on Immunization. The program had two crucial objectives: mobilizing financial and social commitments in the region and organizing managerial surveillance to carry out immunization in each country. In a vertical way to set immunization strategies, diverse international organizations such as UNICEF and USAID coordinated Inter-Agency Committee (ICC) for a five-year National Plan of Action. To increase immunization coverage in areas with weak routine health services, all endemic countries in the region performed national vaccine days twice a year to immunize every child under 5. The campaign tackled the disease with house-to-house vaccination in communities reporting polio cases and with low coverage. An extensive surveillance system also helped to track the polio outbreaks with investigating each suspected case within 48 hours. Today polio has been eliminated with continuous monitoring and regional

This purpose of this paper is to discuss about the emergence and eradication. Emergence of the polio includes the sign and symptoms, causes, spread of the disease, deaths due to the diseases, and countries affected by this disease. Eradication includes the treatment of the disease, WHO guidelines, invention of the vaccines, good sanitization, and immunization.