Outline Of Major Depressive Disorder

Major depressive disorder is one of the most common mental disorders, with a 12-month prevalence of 6.7% of adults in the United States (NIMH). There is no definite etiology of depression, but several risk factors have been identified. Functional and structural changes in the brain have also been explored. The most common treatment for depression is the use of drugs that act on monoamine transmitters, including norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. Decreases in these transmitters, especially serotonin, were hypothesized to play an important role in the cause of depression (Breedlove & Watson, 2013). The serotonin hypothesis led to the development of selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which increase the amount of serotonin in the brain. Further research suggests that the serotonin hypothesis is not entirely accurate and the neurobiology of depression is much more complex. The “chemical imbalance” explanation of depression may not reflect the full range of causes and may be given greater credibility by patients and doctors than is supported by evidence based research.

Depression is a common and serious mood disorder. It’s more than just feeling down or sad in response to life’s struggles and setbacks, depression causes people to lose pleasure from daily life, can increase the risk of many health problems, and can even be serious enough to lead to suicide. The disease must be given more attention and treated as a global public health priority. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 7.6 percent of people over the age of 12 have depression in any 2-week period. Depression is also the second most common cause of disability worldwide after back pain,according to a review of research.

Mental disorder is a common term to refer people’s mental health conditions in Canada and internationally. People who have studied Hamlet, a play that’s written by William Shakespeare, know that Ophelia is one of the characters who suffer from a mental disorder, which known as major depressive disorder. At the beginning of the play, Ophelia’s mental state is very healthy, she falls in love with her boyfriend Hamlet, yet their relationship is controlled by her father. During the play, Ophelia experiences a transformation of her mindset, which causes by Hamlet. As the play closer to the end, the death of Polonius, father of Ophelia, makes Ophelia’s mental becomes more unstable, which leads her to suicide at the end. Thus, due to all the unhappy events that happen to Ophelia’s life all at once, the psychological harms slowly turn Ophelia becomes insane and eventually brings her to death.

Outline the four major clusters of depressive symptoms and explain each one in detail: Emotional; Cognitive; Motivational; Somatic.

Major depression is a disorder, also known as clinical depression. Major Depression is a constant sense of hopelessness. (www.webmd.com, n.d.) When you have Major Depression, you will experience different symptoms, learn about treatment options, and learn how to deal with it on a day to day basis.

The typical description of a disease would be something that causes unwanted effects on the body; however, mental illnesses show few physical symptoms and cause problems that outsiders can rarely see. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), to be specific, is a complex disorder that occurs when a person has five of the following symptoms: a depressed mood, diminished pleasure, weight loss or gain, insomnia, lethargy, problems with concentrating, fatigue, feeling worthless, or having thoughts of suicide (Myers 3). While MDD is chronic, depression is the infrequent counterpart. The official etiology of depression is important because it is widespread and is becoming increasingly more common. Knowing why an illness occurs, in theory, can help physicians

Major Depressive Disorder, also known as "Clinical Depression" is a psychological disorder that targets emotions of sadness and melancholy. Major depression affects an individual's ability to perform well at their job and at school. It may also affect the person's sleeping habits and eating habits (Belmaker and Agam Ph. D, 2008). For their eating habits, there have been records of MDD linked to anorexia and bulimia in adults ranging between 20%-80% in a lifetime (Fernandez-Aranda, 2007). MDD has also been correlated to patients experiencing sleep disorders, with different types of Insomnia,, such as "sleep onset Insomnia" and "sleep maintenance Insomnia" (National Sleep Foundation, 2005). Depression has been linked to substantial problems to

Major Depressive Disorder is defined as a “moderate-to-severe mood disorder in which a person experiences only major depressive episodes but no hypomanic, manic, or mixed episodes” (Butcher, Hooley, & Mineka, 2014, p. 618). Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is also referred to Major Depression. MDD is also “characterized by a combination of symptoms that interfere with a person’s ability to work, sleep, study, eat, and enjoy once-pleasurable activities. Major depression is disabling and prevents a person from functioning normally. Some people may experience only a single episode within their lifetime, but more often a person may have multiple episodes” (National Instittute of Mental Health, 2014, p. 2)

According to the DSM-5, to meet criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD), it is required that single or recurrent major depressive episodes (MDE) are present without mania and hypomania. To diagnose a patient for MDE, there must be presence of five symptoms, such as persistent low mood, insomnia or hypersomnia, anhedonia, more than 5% increment or decrement in total body weight over a month, inconclusiveness, suicidal thoughts, hypo or hyper motor activity, for at least 2 weeks for most part of the day. Furthermore, one of these five symptoms must be depressed mood or anhedonia. In DSM-5, the MDD diagnosis can be divided into 14 subcategories based on the severe depression specifiers, such as depression with psychotic features, with melancholic features, and with catatonic features (Uher, Payne, Pavlova, & Perlis, 2014). Major depression can persist for months or even years. Persistent depression can lead to other physical and mental health problems, such as substance abuse, suicidal ideations and catatonic behaviours. A patient with major depression can be treated using different treatment methods, such as pharmacological, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), group therapy, interpersonal therapy and Electroconvulsive therapy. Each treatment benefits a patient struggling with depression in a different way depending on a patient’s compliance and social support. In this paper, I am going to present ECT as an effective method to decrease the symptoms related to depression,

Major Depressive Disorder is a common psychiatric disorder, with an estimated point prevalence of 4.7% of the global population. (Ebert et al., 2017) The negative consequences are profound and impact health related quality of life, workplace performance and sick days, and interpersonal relationships. The global economic toll of MDD was estimated to be $800 billion in 2010 and is rising. In the US alone, the incremental economic burden of individuals with MDD in 2010 was estimated to be $210.5 billion, with approximately half of the total incremental costs associated with the workplace. Despite evidence of the inherent harms and long-lasting effects of cognitive symptoms, MDD treatment remains primarily directed at managing mood symptoms, with

The aim of this paper is to examine, through selective reference, the evidence that exists in favour of clinical distinctions between major depressive episodes in bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. Specifically the review will assess the clinical utility of DSM-5 in effectively and efficiently aiding practitioners in making a differential diagnosis.

Lucy Lee is a 30years old African American that was referred to the Community Behavioral Health Agency by her mother. She attended the intake session with her mother Grace who appeared to be very worried about Lucy. Lucy is a single mother with one daughter currently in high school. Lucy stated that even thou she loved her job because she had few friends who also worked there, she had to quit her job, as she does not feel the need as well as the energy to leave the house. She mentioned that prior to this feelings, she would go out to the mall with her daughter to shop as well as the movies; but lately, Lucy has not been interested in participating in any of her usual fun activities. She has been unable

Major Depressive Disorder : Major depressive disorder (MDD)is a serious clinical mood disorder that severely impacts a person's everyday life and wellbeing. Catatonic Depression : Catatonia is a state where a person appears unresponsive and moves little, if at all. It is a type of depression that often confuses doctors. Seasonal Affective Disorder : Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that is common during winter months where exposure to sunlight is minimal. Dysthymia (Chronic Depression) : An estimated 35 million people in the U.S. have suffered from dysthymia at some point in their lives. Atypical Depression : Atypical depression can be difficult to treat as its criteria isn't as easily defined as other types

This paper examines Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). As MDD is one of the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric disorders in the world, it represents one of the most important topics for research and clinical treatment strategies. The severity and duration of MDD is what distinguishes it from other forms of depressive mood disorders. It represents the most serious manifestation of the depressive mood disorders. The paper will provide a detailed description of the disease, its etiology, treatment strategies and options and social consequences associated with MDD.

Major depressive disorder is a mood disorder in which you feel sad, discouraged, pessimistic, and at the extreme end of it suicidal. It has been called the “common cold” of psychological disorders because it is the number one reason that people seek mental health services. A study done by the CDC estimated that one out of every ten adults has been depressed at one point or another in their life. Depression can be caused by many things such as illness, abuse, a lack of serotonin in your brain, or countless other things.