Outline Scientific Theory

17. Explain what is meant by a scientific theory by giving the three ways your text separates a theory from a

The difference between a hypothesis and a scientific theory is that a hypothesis is a proposed description while a scientific theory is a proven description for something. The difference between a prediction and a hypothesis is that a prediction is a guess at what the results are going to be referring to the proposed hypothesis, while a hypothesis is a proposed explanation where the experiment will be based off of. A testable hypothesis would be useful in scientific experiments because it is testable, also a directional hypothesis would be good because it is based off of theories. A non-directional hypothesis would not be a good for investigations because they are based off on theories that have little or no grounds. In the cell theory, all

The scientific method is used during experiments to find a conclusion and or reason as to why an event or something happens.

Roy believes nursing as a key player to help patients to develop coping mechanism and positive outcome from the constant stimuli exposure. Roy’s goal is for the patient to achieve adaptation leading to optimum health, well-being, quality of life, death with dignity, and finding in life by participating in their own care (Roy & Andrews, 1999.)

1. What is the difference between a hypothesis and a scientific Theory? Between a hypothesis and a prediction? What kinds of hypotheses are useful for scientific investigations that try to explain the natural world, and which are not? Give one or more examples of hypotheses that are and are not scientifically useful.

According to the social learning theory, the reason people commit crime is because of the social groups they interact with. While attracting with these groups, individuals can learn the lifestyles of these groups and also learn whether to commit crimes or not depending on the amount of interactions with these groups and the intensity of those interactions. The basic idea of the author in the article is why people become stoopers and according to John Rosecrance, people become stoopers because it provides them an income with which they can survive. Another reason individuals become stoopers is because they are on their own and don’t have to answer to anyone in a higher position than them. For example, they don’t

Hypotheses are often taken from a form of an if-then statement (Scott 2009) -- usually based on previous experience, scientific background, observation, and logic. While a scientific theory explains laws and facts (Scott 2009). Clearly, this is a contradiction. A hypothesis cannot be considered as a scientific theory since it is based on conditions that simply lacks a strong foundation to become a theory unless it’s proven to be concise otherwise.

The Scientific Method is the standardized procedure that scientists are supposed to follow when conducting experiments, in order to try to construct a reliable, consistent, and non-arbitrary representation of our surroundings. To follow the Scientific Method is to stick very tightly to a order of experimentation. First, the scientist must observe the phenomenon of interest. Next, the scientist must propose a hypothesis, or idea in which the experiments will be based around. Then, through repeated experimentation, the hypothesis can either be proven false or become a theory. If the hypothesis is proven to be false, the scientist must reformulate his or her ideas and come up with another hypothesis, and the experimentation begins again. This

1. A scientific model is a model that are used to ask more questions than answers. A scientic model has to have an explanation, connection with other ideas and is predictable. A scientific model is also used if you can't observe the real life object; like atoms, earth, gravity, etc.

In social science, a scientific paradigm refers to a framework of the mostly accepted views about a certain subject and its research should resume and how it should be done. There is what is known as conflict paradigm which states that there are two major social groups. These social groups are the ruling class and the subject class. It further states that the subject class is being ruled and oppressed by the ruling class. This has led to a conflict of interest between the two classes.

Science is the knowledge gained by a systematic study, knowledge which then becomes facts or principles. In the systematic study; the first step is observation, the second step hypothesis, the third step experimentation to test the hypothesis, and lastly the conclusion whether or not the hypothesis holds true. These steps have been ingrained into every student of science, as the basic pathway to scientific discovery. This pathway holds not decision as to good or evil intention of the experiment. Though, there are always repercussions of scientific experiments. They range from the most simplistic realizations of the difference between acid and water to the principle that Earth is not the center of

The inductivist account of science recognizes five steps which are essential to scientific progress. First, scientists compile a large body of facts from observation and experiment. Using the principle of induction, these facts can be generalized to form the basis for a theory or law. Then, once a theory has been developed, scientists can use the theory as part of a valid logical argument to make new predictions or explanations of phenomena. According to Chalmers, the inductivist account has “a certain appeal” to it, namely, that all of scientific progress can be seen as the result of five fundamental leaps of thought (54). “Its attraction lies in the fact that it does seem to capture in a formal way

The world of science, as we know it today, is a difficult subject to grasp. So many new ideas are present and these new ideas are not interchangeable. Some parts do work together although as a whole they don’t fully coincide with each other. The three basic ideas that science is now based upon come from Newton, Einstein, and Hawking. I call these ideas/theories “new” based on what I classify the state of the scientific community of today. After looking at what is going on in science, it is clear to me that the scientific world is in a crisis state. According to Kuhn, a crisis state is when science is in the middle of choosing a particular paradigm to work under. For scientists, there is a general theme

will be explain here. In deductive approach, Investigator has to pay attention on the development of research hypothesis by which we can reach to result. Formation of hypothesis is totally depend on the predetermine study and discovered theories. When the hypothesis is complete than investigator have to test these hypothesis on the basis of collected data may be it can accept or reject .There are following three steps by which we can use the deductive method approach.

The scope of Natural Sciences is to create principles, theories and laws about the natural world. Natural Sciences theories and laws are based on a scientific methodology (hypothetico-deductive method ). The scientific method always tries to connect theory and observation, this is one manner to consistently organize our observation of the natural world . Experiments are often used in order to replicate aspects of the world in which we are interested. In fact, following this method before stating something to be true scientists needs first to arrange an hypothesis then make some tests in order to prove the theory and finally make up the law. Doing that we can say to acquire a proof and, therefore, good knowledge.