Ovarian Cancer Case Studies

I. Attention: There are a number of researches done about breast and ovarian cancer. Breast cancer is the second largest cause of death in women. Ovarian cancer is the fourth largest cause of death in women, but there isn’t a lot of attention brought to the public by the media. There needs to be more awareness about these types of cancers for better

Ovarian cancer is a lethal gynecological malignancy; although median age of diagnosis is 56 and older (post-menopausal) it can affect women of any child-birthing age. It is the 5th most common cancer diagnosed in the UK with 7,284 new cases in 2013 (Ovarian Cancer Statistics, 2013) Although the incidence is less than that of breast cancer, there is a greater number of deaths (4,271 deaths) associated with it. Almost three-quarters of the ovarian cancer are diagnosed at late stages after tumors have metastasized within the peritoneal cavity.

Researchers have discovered several specific risk factors that could change a women’s likelihood of developing ovarian cancer. The risk of developing ovarian cancer as you get older is very likely. Most of the time ovarian cancer is seen in women who are over 40 or after they have hit menopause. Researchers have looked for the relationship between obesity and ovarian cancer and

Ovarian cancer is less common, with a projected 22, 440 new cases. However, it carries a much higher mortality rate.

There is still ongoing research that scientists are working on because the cause of ovarian cancer is not definite. Experts don't know precisely what causes ovarian cancer. Genetics, such as DNA changes, are a risk factor for some women. Some are understood to be caused by gene mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. The risk for women who have these gene changes is much greater than for women without them. Age, estrogen hormone replacement therapy, age when menstruation started and ended, and smoking are also thought to be risk factors.

The BRCA genes are tumor suppressor genes that inhibit tumor growth when functioning normally. When they mutate, they lose their tumor suppressor ability. This results in an increase for women to develop ovarian cancer. Risk factors a 1st degree family member, women who have never been pregnant, increasing age, high fat diet, increased number of ovulatory cycles, and infertility drugs. 90% of ovarian cancer are epithelial carcinomas that arise from malignant transformation of the surface epithelial cells. Germ cell tumors account for

Ovarian cancer is one of the leading cause feminine death. Ovarian cancer is cancer that is located in the female organ that produces eggs. Ovarian cancer is most likely to develop in the females that have lived half a century or more. Ovarian cancer cannot be discovered until it has reached the pelvis area in certain tests. Once it has actually reached the pelvis area, it is considered fatal and this is considered the last stage. There are three types of ovarian cancer: epithelial, stromal, and germ line cancer. Epithelial tumor occurs in the outside layer of the ovary, stromal tumor occurs in the ovarian tissue and germ cell tumor occurs in the egg producing cells. One of the possible causes for ovarian cancer is a known mutation in the

Ovarian cancer is a disease of an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells that are in the ovaries. Ovaries produce eggs as well as hormones (estrogen, progestogen). Ovarian cancer is found in women because they have two ovaries (the size of an almond) located on each side of the ovaries (Ovarian cancer, 2000). Ovarian Cancer affects a lot of women. Statistics show that the risk of getting and dying from ovarian cancer is one in ninety-five. This cancer is the eighth most common cancer found in women. Women have a risk of one in sixty-five of getting this cancer in their lifetime. Therefore, there is a lot of research gathered that explains: the pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, and medical management.

Ovarian Cancer ascend from the fallopian tube mucosal epithelium, causing the tissue fragments of the female reproductive system to fuse together. The time of diagnosis, epithelial ovarian cancer are advanced-stage carcinomas (Nezhat, 2015). Ovarian cancer is common within the female population, with over 22,000 newly diagnosed cases in the United States and 14,000 cancer related deaths (Nezhat, 2015).

Statistics reveal that 200,000+ cases of ovarian cancer are found and diagnosed yearly. Day after day, people talk about the existence of ovarian cancer and how it has and still is nega-tively impacting others. Ovarian cancer has been documented and researched 150+ years. The cancer begins in the female ovaries, which are the eggs that get fertilized during sexual reproduc-tion and produce hormones. The ovaries are located on both sides of the women's uterus. Through metastasis, the disease can spread from the uterus to the abdomen, even though the can-cer is mainly caused in the uterus. Reference.com states, “According to the National Ovarian Cancer Coalition, in women between the ages of 35 and 74, the fifth-leading cause of cancer-related

Ovarian cancer occurs when not normal cells grow in one or both of the ovaries which are small glands on either side of the uterus in female’s body that store and release eggs (ova). Also they produce female sex hormones like estrogen and progesterone. There are two types of ovarian cancer epithelial and germ cell cancers. Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most common type and often occurs in women who are past menopause. This type of cancer grows in the tissues that cover ovaries. Experts do not know the exactly cause of this cancer but, they know the DNA changes play role in

Causes. Doctors are not clear on what causes ovarian cancer. But, in general, cancer begins when there is a genetic

I would like to consider myself an ovarian cancer survivor. It has already been seven years since I have completed my chemotherapy here in Australia. It was a life changing event. With God’s help, I was able to overcome the difficulties the diagnosis presented. The nurses who looked after me were a huge part in supporting not only me but my family from Philippines who were able to visit during the time I am battling cancer.

Those at risk are patients with endometrial hyperplasia, polycystic ovarian syndrome, postmenopausal estrogen treatment, tamoxifen use, obesity, diabetes, a first-degree relative with endometrial cancer or reproductive factors including nulliparity, early menarche and late menopause (National Cancer Institute, 2016). Abnormal vaginal bleeding is the most common sign of endometrial cancer (National Cancer Institute, 2016). Endometrial cancer can also be associated with pelvic pain, dyspareunia and urinary dysfunction (National Cancer Institute, 2016).

” Worldwide, cervical cancer is both the fourth-most common cause of cancer and deaths from cancer in women. It is the second-most common cause of female-specific cancer after breast cancer, accounting for around 8% of both total cancer cases and total cancer deaths in women and About 80% of cervical cancers occur in developing countries.” (www.uswow.com) Endometrial disease is the most common gynecological malignancy for the most part influencing ladies in the post-menopausal age bunch. Rates change overall and are most elevated in white ladies in Western populaces. Some danger variables are identified with proliferation, for example, early age at menarche, late age at menopause and null parity, while others are all the more specifically