Ovarian Cancer Research Paper

Cervical cancer is when there are malignant cells present in the cervix; it is developed in the lining of the cervix. A cervix is a narrow opening located at the bottom of the uterus that leads into the vagina. Cervical cancer mostly affects women between the ages of 40 and 55. This cancer can be prevented by screening for precancerous cells, and it can also be cured if it is detected at an early stage. Over the past few decades the number of cervical cancer cases has declined dramatically due to a more widespread screening of the disease. Today, it is estimated that 10,000 new

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is a hormonal disorder which effects around five million women of reproductive age in the United States (activebeat.co). The ovaries and adrenal glands excrete abnormally high levels of male hormones which prevents the regular release of an egg, causing many fluid filled sacs, or cysts, to form on the ovaries. Several types of cysts can be found on the ovaries of someone diagnosed with PCOS, the most common being those developed during the menstrual cycle, functional cysts. Follicular cysts are a subcategory of functional cysts formed by the overgrown follicle resulting from an unreleased egg. When a follicle ruptures following the release of an egg, the follicle may reseal and cause fluid buildup, resulting in a corpus luteum cyst; these cysts may enlarge considerably, causing pain, bleeding, or twisting of the ovary (PCOS Awareness Association). Some cysts resolve themselves in one to three months while others grow to be painfully large and require surgery to remove.

Kristin a fifty-six-year-old Caucasian female who has been admitted to the emergency department after complaining of acute abdominal pain lasting three days, bloating with the inability to button her pants, and weight gain despite loss of appetite.  Upon her assessment she has had a long length of family history (maternal side) of cancer which included breast, cervical, and ovarian cancer. She was diagnosed with endometriosis at the age of thirty and reached menopause at fifty-four. With this initial assessment, her symptoms, and lab results she has been diagnosed with ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer begins in the ovaries. Ovaries are glands found only in females. Women have two ovaries on each side of the uterus. The ovaries are about the size of a almond. Ovarian cancer often goes undetected until it has spread to the pelvis.

Ovarian cancer can either affect the epithelial lining of the ovaries or arise from non-epithelial origins. Approximately 90% of primary malignant tumors present as epithelial carcinomas (EC).

Ovarian cancer is less common, with a projected 22, 440 new cases. However, it carries a much higher mortality rate.

“If you don’t catch ovarian cancer early, it can be a death sentence,” May said. “I get checked once a year to make sure there are no cancerous cells forming. It is something I will have to live with.”

Ovarian cancer incidence has shown a decreasing trend over the past two decades. According to the National Health Institute, incidence rates have decreased by 3.5% from 1992 to 2014 in the United States (“Cancer Stat Facts,” 2014). Numerous risk factors contribute to the incidence of ovarian cancer (Reid, Permuth, & Sellers, 2017). An earlier age of menarche in young girls and a later age of menopause in older women have both shown an increased risk due to more ovulation cycles. In relation to the number of ovulation cycles, increased parity relates to a decrease in incidence. Genetics plays a role as well, specifically with mutations to the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Much of the recent research studies center around Or (OCs) as preventive

Ovarian cancer is a malignant form of cancer that develops from the ovary and it is unlikely to be discovered by most patients during its early stages because its symptoms are very delicate. The fact that prognosis is sometimes difficult to perform makes it impossible for some individuals to be able to effectively fight the tumor. Many women are unable to understand that changes occurring in their bodies are actually a result of ovarian cancer. Hundreds of thousands of women worldwide are diagnosed with ovarian cancer every year and it is thus essential for society to have a complex understanding of the disease, its symptoms, and methods of coping with it.

Ovarian cancer occurs when not normal cells grow in one or both of the ovaries which are small glands on either side of the uterus in female’s body that store and release eggs (ova). Also they produce female sex hormones like estrogen and progesterone. There are two types of ovarian cancer epithelial and germ cell cancers. Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most common type and often occurs in women who are past menopause. This type of cancer grows in the tissues that cover ovaries. Experts do not know the exactly cause of this cancer but, they know the DNA changes play role in

There are at least 30 different types of ovarian cancer, but they are grouped into three categories based on where they begin growing. Epithelial Ovarian Cancer, in which it is originated in the layer of cells that cover the ovary and the entire abdominal cavity, Germ Cell Ovarian Cancer, which begins in the egg-producing cells inside the ovaries, Sex Chord-Stromal Ovarian Cancer, which originates in the connective tissue of the ovaries. There are also stages of ovarian cancer. Stage 1 cancer is found in one or both ovaries, Stage 11 the cancer has spread to other parts of the pelvis, Stage 111 cancer has spread to the abdomen, and Stage1V the cancer is found outside the

Ovarian cancer has their own tumour marker for the cancer assessment. But, it should be done to women that within the family tree has suffered from this cancer. It is not advisable for women where the family history ambiguous with this cancer to use CA 125 as an assessment of ovarian cancer. Generally, women with ovary cancer have an elevation of CA 125 in their blood test. There are three types of ovarian cancer, the most common type, epithelial carcinoma, tumour in the ovarian cell that produce the ovum and tumour in the connective tissue that support the ovary. CA 125 usually used for epithelial carcinoma especially detection, the outcome of therapy and recurrence cancer. Despite that, AFP is elevated in women with germ cell

Today in the world there are many different types of reproductive cancers. A reproductive cancer I’m going to be writing about is Breast cancer. Yes, its Breast Cancer. According to American Cancer Society (2017) Breast cancer is “Breast cancer starts when cells in the breast begin to grow out of control. These cells usually form a tumor that can often be seen on an x-ray or felt as a lump. The tumor is malignant (cancer) if the cells can grow into (invade)surrounding tissues or spread (metastasize) to distant areas of the body. Breast cancer occurs almost entirely in women, but men can get cancer too (pg.1). Although Breast cancer first start in the breast, it can also start from other places surrounding that tissue or area.

There are three different types of ovarian cancer. About ninety percent of ovarian cancers are epithelial tumors. An epithelial tumor begins in the thin layer of tissue that covers the outside of the ovaries. What are the causes, symptoms and tests used to diagnose, and treatments of ovarian cancer?

In the United States, it is one of the eight-most common cancer of women. According to researches, the data shows that Hispanic women are significantly more likely to be diagnosed with cervical cancer than the general population and their median age at diagnosis is 48. In 1998, about 12,800 women were diagnosed in the US and about 4,800 died. Among cancers of the female reproductive tract, it is less common than endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer. The rates of new cases in the United States was 7 per 100,000 women in 2004. Cervical cancer deaths decreased by approximately 74% in the