Ovation Fertility Research Paper

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is a form of genetic testing. It is similar to the screening of abnormal chromosome count only used to test for genetic diseases. The fertility institutes have used this to take gender selection to the next level. Stating that this has a greater than 99,9% success rate.

Making big choices in life can be difficult, especially if that big choice is having children. There are many men and women who are infertile that still want to have children. Most decide to adopt other children who do not have families or their families do not want them. But when adoption is not an option, there is now a way where those men and women can have their own children together through fertility treatments. Fertility treatments could be a good thing:being able to freeze egg and sperm, they can help infertile couples, and avoiding transmitted diseases would be easier.

Trisomy 21, also known as nondisjunction, means that there is an extra copy of chromosome 21 in the cell and is the most common. Translocation occurs when there are two 21 chromosomes plus an extra piece of chromosome 21 that had attached itself to another chromosome during the division process. Those who have mosaic down syndrome contain an extra chromosome 21 in only some of their cells while others are unaffected. People with mosaic down syndrome tend to have milder physical features and intellectual abilities than those who have trisomy 21 and translocation down syndrome. According to Mark Selikowitz, maternal age is a significant factor in causing trisomy 21. When females are born, all the eggs that a woman will produce are already present. The eggs wait years, some longer than others to be released and it is during the wait period (some 20-40 years) that it is believed errors can occur. On the contrary, man’s sperm does not remain standing therefore less probability for error. Additionally, people with a family history of down syndrome and people who carry the genetic translocation are factors to consider whether the child would be at

Infertility is the fundamental lacking of the ability to conceive a baby, and both men and women can have this problem. Dr. Clark, our guest speaker in class pointed out that approximately 30% of men and women are infertile, while 25% of infertility cannot be explain by science yet. Because of that, infertility is no longer considered as a lifestyle problem but a disease instead. According to Dr. Clark, one of the options for the infertility patients today is the use of stem cell therapies to treat infertility, and one of the recent popular stem cell therapies is reproductive cloning. Reproduction cloning is a process to “produce” a next generation of “you” through somatic cell nuclear transfer. In my paper, I will argue that

Modern medicine now relies more and more on genetic science, so the demand for health care professionals who can assess and communicate these health issues is significantly increasing. This is because public awareness is growing in conjunction with scientific advances in reproductive technologies. Health care consumers now want genetics specialists who can provide highly accurate and advanced consultations regarding their unique genetic conditions. Most genetic counselors work with couples or single mothers who

Therapeutic genetic manipulation is preformed by doctors to prevent diseases that the baby is carrying. The baby is tested by screening the embryo for any possible unknown diseases. Sometimes the PGD or preimplantation genetic diagnosis technique is used for this ("Biotechnology special focus"). The main diseases PGD is used to test for in babies are Hunntington's disease, Tay-sacks, Alzheimers, Familia cancers, Sickle Cell disease, Hemophilia, Neurofibromatosis, Fanconi's Anemia, Cystic fibrosis and most recently, Down's Syndrome ("Hooray for designer babies", 2002). This technique involves removing the unfertilized egg from the female, mating it with a sperm and then testing it for diseases. If all the diseases are absent, the fertilized egg is planted into the mother's uterus to develop into a baby. Some other unpredictable diseases may also be carried in the baby's chromosomes. Chromosome carrying diseases and disorders include: miscarriage of the baby, physical birth defects or down syndrome (Biotechnology special focus").

After the failure of several fertility treatments the couple signed up for new-generation sequencing [NGS] (Sample, 2013, para.5). Sample (2013, para. 6) states that, “Abnormal chromosomes account for half of all

Currently it is only legally possible to carry out two types of advanced reproductive technologies on humans. The first involves choosing the sperm to fertilize the egg, which will determine the sex and the genes of the baby. The second technique screens embryos for a genetic disease and only selected embryos are implanted back into the mother’s womb. This is called Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD).

In GATTACA, Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis is always the answer. Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis is a procedure used to identify defects within embryos creates through in vitro fertilization. The procedure is as followed; First, a few cells are extracted from the embryo. Next, the cells are evaluated to identify any genetic defects and where they came from. After the embryos have been examined the embryos without any defects will be placed inside the mother’s uterus. Additional embryo’s free of genetic faults can be frozen for future use. The embryos with flaws will be destroyed. There are many reasons I am not a fan of this procedure. The children with faults are not loved as much as “perfect” children. Instead of being born with a defect and dealing with it they are destroyed. Killed. Every child should be loved. Whether the child has a genetic imperfection like Down Syndrome or is a genius they should be treated equally. They should be loved. It upsets me that

Dr. Schiewe is the high complexity lab director at Ovagen Fertility Newport Beach and the scientific laboratory director at California Cryobank. Over the last three decades, he has helped IVF labs worldwide protect and transfer embryos in the blastocyst stage and improve pregnancy rates. Dr. Schiewe has published over 35 peer-reviewed papers and 70 abstracts. He also serves as a journal reviewer for Fertility and Sterility and Theriogenology. For more information about Dr. Schiewe and his work, please visit

To increase implantation and live birth rates, Ovation Fertility turns to our Las Vegas genetics lab for PGS using next generation sequencing.

As of today, “testing is 98-99% accurate for most couples.” (“preimplantation genetic diagnosis”). However, it is difficult to determine the correct percent of success rate, because the accuracy, the procedure will vary in different situations. Also, in some circumstances, none of the embryos are suitable to alter. Embryos are not acceptable for the womb if they are not fertilized correctly, if they have not developed to the blastocyst stage, if they do not survive the biopsy or if all of the embryos were affected by the genetic condition. Another method of designing children is a three parent baby, indicating an individual with three genetic parents. The embryo is devised through a special form of in-vitro fertilization, representing the baby’s mitochondrial DNA is from a third party. This procedure is applied to prohibit against mitochondrial diseases. The majority of a three parent babies DNA comes from the parents, but a tiny amount of the child’s DNA comes from a female donor.

October 2001 - Fertility experts announce they will begin to offer PGD for use in sex selection to clients

     Mosaic Trisomy 21 happens when an egg or sperm come in with an extra copy of chromosome 21, then,

In the United States, an estimated 2.3 million couples are considered infertile [Wekesser, 1996]. This creates a large need for infertility specialists and clinics specializing in fertility treatments. With the quickly advancing field of rep roductive services and the quest for creating better, healthier babies, a new service called Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) is being offered in conjunction with In vitro fertilization.